结直肠癌 (CRC) 占所有癌症类型的 10%，使其成为全球癌症相关死亡的第三大原因。转移是导致CRC患者死亡的首要因素。大约 22% 的 CRC 相关死亡在诊断时已出现转移，其中大约 70% 的病例会复发。近年来，随着新型靶向药物的应用，靶向治疗已成为结直肠癌个体化、综合治疗的一线选择。这些患者的管理仍然是一个重大的医学挑战。临床实践中最流行的结直肠癌靶向治疗集中于抗血管内皮生长因子及其受体、表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）和多靶点激酶抑制剂。随着精准诊断的进步和二代测序（NGS）技术的广泛采用，转移性结直肠癌（mCRC）中的BRAF V600E突变、KRAS突变、HER2过表达/扩增和MSI-H/dMMR等罕见靶点越来越多地被发现。与此同时，针对这些突变的新治疗药物正在积极研究中。本文结合精准医疗的进展和新分子靶点药物的发现，综述了结直肠癌靶向治疗的临床研究进展。版权所有 © 2023 Li, Lin, Li, Shen, Shang, Xiong, Zhuang, Xia,Guo 、苗、廖、张、谢。

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents 10% of all cancer types, making it the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Metastasis is the primary factor causing mortality in CRC patients. Approximately 22% of CRC-related deaths have metastasis present at diagnosis, with approximately 70% of these cases recurring. Recently, with the application of novel targeted drugs, targeted therapy has become the first-line option for individualized and comprehensive treatment of CRC. The management of these patients remains a significant medical challenge. The most prevalent targeted therapies for CRC in clinical practice focus on anti-vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and multi-target kinase inhibitors. In the wake of advancements in precision diagnosis and widespread adoption of second-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, rare targets such as BRAF V600E mutation, KRAS mutation, HER2 overexpression/amplification, and MSI-H/dMMR in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are increasingly being discovered. Simultaneously, new therapeutic drugs targeting these mutations are being actively investigated. This article reviews the progress in clinical research for developing targeted therapeutics for CRC, in light of advances in precision medicine and discovery of new molecular target drugs.Copyright © 2023 Li, Lin, Li, Shen, Xiang, Xiong, Zhang, Xia, Guo, Miao, Liao, Zhang and Xie.