蛋白质精氨酸甲基转移酶（PRMT）介导的精氨酸甲基化是一种重要的转录后修饰，可调节多种细胞过程，包括表观遗传基因调控、基因组稳定性维持、RNA代谢和应激反应信号转导。精氨酸甲基化在癌症和神经系统疾病中的不同底物和生物学功能已被广泛讨论，为临床应用中靶向 PRMT 提供了理论基础。越来越多的研究证明精氨酸甲基化与病毒感染之间存在相互作用。人们发现 PRMT 可以甲基化并调节多种宿主细胞蛋白和不同功能类型的病毒蛋白，例如病毒衣壳、mRNA 输出蛋白、转录因子和潜伏期调节因子。这种调节影响它们的活性、亚细胞定位、蛋白质-核酸和蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用，最终影响它们在各种病毒相关过程中的作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 PRMT 的分类、结构和调控，以及它们通过组蛋白和非组蛋白甲基化实现的多效性生物学功能。此外，我们总结了 PRMT 底物的广谱，并探讨了它们对各种病毒感染过程和抗病毒先天免疫的复杂影响。因此，理解精氨酸甲基化的调节为理解病毒性疾病的发病机制和发现抗病毒治疗的机会提供了重要的基础。©作者。

Protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT)-mediated arginine methylation is an important post-transcriptional modification that regulates various cellular processes including epigenetic gene regulation, genome stability maintenance, RNA metabolism, and stress-responsive signal transduction. The varying substrates and biological functions of arginine methylation in cancer and neurological diseases have been extensively discussed, providing a rationale for targeting PRMTs in clinical applications. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated an interplay between arginine methylation and viral infections. PRMTs have been found to methylate and regulate several host cell proteins and different functional types of viral proteins, such as viral capsids, mRNA exporters, transcription factors, and latency regulators. This modulation affects their activity, subcellular localization, protein-nucleic acid and protein-protein interactions, ultimately impacting their roles in various virus-associated processes. In this review, we discuss the classification, structure, and regulation of PRMTs and their pleiotropic biological functions through the methylation of histones and non-histones. Additionally, we summarize the broad spectrum of PRMT substrates and explore their intricate effects on various viral infection processes and antiviral innate immunity. Thus, comprehending the regulation of arginine methylation provides a critical foundation for understanding the pathogenesis of viral diseases and uncovering opportunities for antiviral therapy.© The author(s).