免疫细胞发育功能障碍往往会损害免疫稳态，从而引起多种人类疾病。越来越多的证据表明，造血干细胞发育成不同的免疫细胞是通过不同的表观遗传机制进行高度微调的，包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、染色质重塑和RNA相关调控。了解表观遗传调节因子如何调节免疫细胞的正常发育有助于识别各种疾病的新策略。在这里，我们回顾了最近的进展，表明表观遗传调节可以通过对关键基因表达的影响来协调免疫细胞的发育和功能。我们还讨论了影响肿瘤进展的免疫细胞表观遗传调节的畸变，以及影响表观遗传药物在临床中干扰肿瘤进展的潜在机制的事实。©作者。

The dysfunction of immune cell development often impairs immunological homeostasis, thus causing various human diseases. Accumulating evidence shows that the development of different immune cells from hematopoietic stem cells are highly fine-tuned by different epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling and RNA-related regulations. Understanding how epigenetic regulators modulate normal development of immune cells contributes to the identification of new strategies for various diseases. Here, we review recent advances suggesting that epigenetic modulations can orchestrate immune cell development and functions through their impact on critical gene expression. We also discuss the aberrations of epigenetic modulations in immune cells that influence tumor progression, and the fact that underlying mechanisms affect how epigenetic drugs interfere with tumor progression in the clinic.© The author(s).