口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）的预后不良很大程度上是由于诊断较晚造成的。口腔粘膜下纤维化（OSMF）通常是一种未被注意到的病理学，与高恶性肿瘤风险相关。最近，我们证明 OSMF 和 OSCC 患者的临床病理学改变与癌症干细胞 (CSC) 标记物（CD133 和 CD44）相关。然而，白介素 1 β (IL-1β) 与 CSC 表达的平行变化在很大程度上尚未被探索。因此，我们的目的是研究 OSMF 和 OSCC 情况下 IL-1β 改变与 CSC 标志物表达之间的关系。共有 135 人报名参加了这项研究。 OSMF 组和 OSCC 组各有 60 名，以及 15 名健康对照。通过ELISA检测血清IL-1β水平。采用免疫组织化学(IHC)检测CD133和CD44的表达。为了评估差异性 CSC 表达，使用 IHC 评分 (0-4)。IHC 结果显示 OSMF 和 OSCC 中的大多数受试者显示 CD44 和 CD133 阳性，尽管 IHC 评分方面的表达程度存在差异。 OSMF 和 OSCC 组中 CD133 和 CD44 阳性受试者的 IL-1β 水平升高。然而，IL-1β 的增强在 OSCC 病例中更为明显。此外，我们观察到 IL-1β 水平与 IHC 评分之间存在直接联系。多变量回归分析证明 CD44 和 CD133 阳性在 IL-1β 水平增加中发挥重要作用。我们的结论是，CSC 生物标志物和 IL-1β 的同时变化可能有助于早期检测 OSMF 和 OSCC 状况。版权所有：© International Journal健康科学。

The poor prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is vastly due to late diagnosis. The oral submucosal fibrosis (OSMF) is often unnoticed pathology linked with high risk of malignancy. Recently, we demonstrated that the clinicopathological alterations in OSMF and OSCC patients were correlated with cancer stem cell (CSCs) markers (CD133 and CD44). However, the parallel alterations of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) with CSCs expression are largely unexplored. Thus, we aimed to investigate the relationship between IL-1β alterations and CSC marker expression in both OSMF and OSCC situations.A total of 135 people have signed up for the study. There were sixty each in OSMF and OSCC groups, as well as 15 healthy controls. Levels of serum IL-1β were examined by ELISA. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to examine the expression of CD133 and CD44. For evaluating differential CSCs expression, IHC scoring (0-4) was utilized.The IHC results showed maximum subjects in the OSMF and OSCC displaying CD44 and CD133 positivity, although the extent of expression in terms of IHC scoring found variable. CD133 and CD44-positive subjects showed increased levels of IL-1β in the OSMF and OSCC group. Nevertheless, the enhancement of IL-1β is more pronounced in the OSCC cases. Further, we observed a direct link of IL-1β levels with IHC scoring. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated a significant role for CD44 and CD133 positivity in the increase of IL-1β levels.We concluded that concurrent simultaneous changes in CSC biomarkers and IL-1β may help with early detection of OSMF and OSCC conditions.Copyright: © International Journal of Health Sciences.