氢气是一种简单、无色、具有生物活性的小分子气体，可以与活性氧发生反应。最近的研究表明，氢具有多种生物效应，包括抗氧化、抗炎和抗凋亡作用，同时表现出极高的安全性。氢的应用在治疗一系列急性和慢性疾病（良性和恶性）方面显示出了前景。重要的是，越来越多的氢气临床研究证明了其在治疗各种疾病方面的功效和安全性。这篇综述强调了氢在肾脏疾病中的有益作用，总结了氢在这些疾病中可能发挥作用的潜在机制，并为未来的研究提出了几种有希望的途径。

Hydrogen is a simple, colorless, and biologically active small molecule gas that can react with reactive oxygen species. Recent research suggests that hydrogen possesses several biological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects, while exhibiting an extremely high level of safety. Hydrogen application has shown promise in treating a range of acute and chronic diseases, both benign and malignant. Importantly, an increasing number of clinical studies on hydrogen have demonstrated its efficacy and safety in treating various diseases. This review highlights the beneficial effects of hydrogen in kidney diseases, summarizes potential mechanisms by which hydrogen may act in these diseases, and proposes several promising avenues for future research.