粪便免疫化学检测 (FIT) 是结直肠癌 (CRC) 筛查的核心工具。为了改善结肠镜检查个体的选择，已经开发了将 FIT 与其他 CRC 风险因素相结合的风险模型。本系统综述旨在概述当前基于 FIT 的无创 CRC 筛查风险模型，以促进未来的实施。我们对将定量粪便血红蛋白与临床数据或无创生物标志物相结合的风险模型进行了系统文献检索，旨在用于CRC筛查。使用 PROBAST 工具评估偏倚风险。其中包括 29 篇出版物报告的 20 个风险模型。总体偏倚风险很高。在将风险模型与 FIT 进行比较的研究中，11/12 (92%) 风险模型的 c 统计量显着高于仅 FIT。 16/20 风险模型 (80%) 尚未经过外部验证，迄今为止仅实施了一种模型。基于 FIT 的风险模型有可能提高 CRC 筛查的产量。不幸的是，所有纳入的出版物都存在很高的偏倚风险，并且大多数风险模型尚未经过外部验证。利用风险模型改进结直肠癌筛查的前景应该鼓励对现有筛查项目进行更严格的评估。

Fecal Immunochemical Testing (FIT) is a central tool in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. To improve the selection of individuals for colonoscopy, risk models combining FIT with additional CRC risk factors have been developed. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the current noninvasive FIT-based risk models for CRC screening to facilitate future implementation.We performed a systematic literature search for risk models that combined quantitative fecal hemoglobin with clinical data or noninvasive biomarkers, and that were intended for CRC screening. Risk of bias was assessed using the PROBAST tool.Twenty risk models reported across 29 publications were included. The overall risk of bias was high. In studies that compared risk models to FIT, 11/12 (92%) risk models had a significantly higher c-statistic than FIT only. 16/20 risk models (80%) had not been externally validated and only one model has been implemented so far.FIT-based risk models have the potential to improve the yield of CRC screening. Unfortunately, all included publications had a high risk of bias and most risk models have not yet been externally validated. The prospect of improved CRC screening with risk models should encourage more rigorous evaluation in existing screening programs.