引入免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）后，肿瘤生存率和生活质量显着改善。然而，免疫疗法也会降低免疫耐受性，可能诱发自身免疫反应。这可能会导致类似风湿性疾病的症状。患者 A，51 岁，女性，接受纳武单抗辅助治疗转移性黑色素瘤。 9个月后，她患上了关节炎。泼尼松 30 毫克/天和甲氨蝶呤可显着改善关节炎，随后泼尼松逐渐减量。患者 B，75 岁，男性，患有转移性黑色素瘤，接受 Ipilimumab/Nivolumab 治疗后，在治疗开始后不久出现不适和肌肉力量下降。患者怀疑患有肌炎/心肌炎，接受甲泼尼龙治疗，病情迅速好转。ICIs可引起风湿性不良事件，导致生活质量下降，可能需要免疫抑制治疗。 ICI 可能会中断或停止。这些不良事件需要低门槛的风湿病转诊以及肿瘤学家和风湿病学家之间的合作。进一步的研究必须指出最有效的免疫抑制疗法，并将负面肿瘤影响降至最低。

Oncological survival and quality-of-life improved significantly after introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Immunotherapy, however, also decreases immunotolerance, potentially inducing autoimmune reactions. This can result in symptoms mimicking rheumatic diseases.Patient A, 51-years-old, female, was treated with adjuvant nivolumab for metastatic melanoma. After 9 months, she developed arthritis. Prednisone 30 mg/ day and methotrexate significantly improved arthritis, followed by prednisone tapering. Patient B, 75-year-old, male with metastatic melanoma treated with Ipilimumab/Nivolumab developed malaise and reduced muscle strength shortly after treatment start. Patient was suspected of myositis/myocarditis, treated with methylprednisolone, which resulted in a rapid improvement.ICIs can cause rheumatic adverse events, resulting in decreased quality of life that may require immunesuppressive treatment. Disruption or cessation of ICIs may occur. These adverse events demand low-threshold rheumatological referral and collaboration between oncologist and rheumatologist. Further research must indicate the most effective immunosuppressive therapies with minimized negative oncological impact.