鼻咽癌（NPC）是一种侵袭性恶性肿瘤，具有高度淋巴扩散和远处转移的倾向。它是中国南方和东南亚地区的一种突出的地方性恶性肿瘤。过去几十年对鼻咽癌发病机制的研究，例如通过EB病毒（EBV）感染和致癌分子畸变，探索了几个潜在的治疗和诊断靶点。 EBV 感染引入肿瘤病毒蛋白，从而过度激活许多促有丝分裂途径并阻断细胞死亡诱导剂。 EBV感染在鼻咽癌患者中非常普遍，因此EBV血清学检测被用来诊断和筛查鼻咽癌患者。另一方面，作为致癌机制的下游效应器，有丝分裂途径可以潜在地用于治疗。由于鼻咽癌肿瘤明显的异质性和独特的分子畸变，焦点已转向鼻咽癌的个性化治疗。在这篇综合综述中，我们描述了鼻咽癌筛查、诊断、治疗和预防的现状。随后，基于这些方面的局限性，我们来看看它们在走向精准医疗道路上的潜在改进。本综述还报道了鼻咽癌发病机制中涉及的关键分子畸变的最新进展对于精准医学进展的重要性。此外，还将重点介绍 NPC 管理的挑战和未来展望。© 2023。作者。

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an aggressive malignancy with high propensity for lymphatic spread and distant metastasis. It is prominent as an endemic malignancy in Southern China and Southeast Asia regions. Studies on NPC pathogenesis mechanism in the past decades such as through Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) infection and oncogenic molecular aberrations have explored several potential targets for therapy and diagnosis. The EBV infection introduces oncoviral proteins that consequently hyperactivate many promitotic pathways and block cell-death inducers. EBV infection is so prevalent in NPC patients such that EBV serological tests were used to diagnose and screen NPC patients. On the other hand, as the downstream effectors of oncogenic mechanisms, the promitotic pathways can potentially be exploited therapeutically. With the apparent heterogeneity and distinct molecular aberrations of NPC tumor, the focus has turned into a more personalized treatment in NPC. Herein in this comprehensive review, we depict the current status of screening, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention in NPC. Subsequently, based on the limitations on those aspects, we look at their potential improvements in moving towards the path of precision medicine. The importance of recent advances on the key molecular aberration involved in pathogenesis of NPC for precision medicine progression has also been reported in the present review. Besides, the challenge and future outlook of NPC management will also be highlighted.© 2023. The Author(s).