噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增多症（HLH）是免疫检查点抑制剂治疗的罕见并发症。一名患有稳定型慢性淋巴细胞白血病的 55 岁男性在接受九个周期的纳武单抗治疗转移性黑色素瘤后出现发烧和症状性贫血。研究结果与自身免疫性溶血性贫血一致，并开始使用皮质类固醇。存在血小板减少和肝酶升高，但没有慢性淋巴细胞白血病转化的证据。铁蛋白升高，因此考虑为 HLH，随后通过骨髓活检确诊。继续使用皮质类固醇单一疗法，发烧消退，血细胞减少和肝酶得到改善。开始了六个月的皮质类固醇逐渐减量治疗方案，他仍处于 HLH 缓解状态。该病例凸显了在并发血液系统恶性肿瘤的患者中及时识别免疫检查点抑制剂相关 HLH 的重要性。

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare complication of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. A 55-year-old male with stable chronic lymphocytic leukemia presented with fevers and symptomatic anaemia after nine cycles of nivolumab for metastatic melanoma. Investigations were consistent with autoimmune haemolytic anemia and corticosteroids were initiated. Thrombocytopenia and elevated liver enzymes without evidence of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia transformation was present. Ferritin was elevated, and thus HLH was considered and subsequently confirmed on a bone marrow biopsy. Corticosteroid monotherapy was continued, with resolution of fevers and improvement in cytopenias and liver enzymes. A six month corticosteroid tapering regimen was initiated, and he remains in HLH remission. This case highlights the importance of prompt recognition of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related HLH in patients with concurrent haematological malignancy.