铁皮石斛是名贵药食同源的中药。目前关于亲脂性成分抗炎活性的研究较少。本研究的目的是探讨铁皮石斛中亲脂性化合物的抗炎作用及其机制。分离鉴定出 6 种化合物，包括 3 种联苄基化合物、树突菌素 U、树突双双酚 B、毛兰素和 3 种木脂素：(-)-丁香树脂醇、( )-丁香树脂醇-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、5-甲氧基-( )-异落叶松树脂醇。其中，石斛双酚B和5-甲氧基-()-异落叶松树脂醇为首次从铁皮石斛中分离得到。此外，我们发现 dendrocandin U、dendronbisline B 和 (-)-syringaresinol 具有抗炎作用，可抑制 MH-S 细胞中脂多糖 (LPS)/干扰素 (IFN-γ) 诱导的一氧化氮分泌。此外，Dendrocandin U还可以抑制肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、分化簇86（CD86）的表达，并减少巨噬细胞的炎症形态变化。同时，我们证实Dendrocandin U的抗炎机制是通过抑制Toll样受体4（TLR4）/重组骨髓分化因子88（MyD88）/核因子κB（NF-κB）信号通路来抑制M1极化。本文从铁皮石斛中发现了具有显着抗炎活性的Dendrocandin U，为其抗炎药物的研究提供了基础。© 2023 Wiley-VHCA AG，苏黎世，瑞士。

Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo is a valuable and homologous medicine and food traditional Chinese medicine. Currently there are few studies on the anti-inflammatory activity of lipophilic components. The aim of this study was to explore the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of the lipophilic compounds in Dendrobium officinale. Six compounds were isolated and identified, including three bibenzyl compounds, dendrocandin U, dendronbibisline B, erianin, and three lignans, (-)-syringaresinol, (+)-syringaresinol-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 5-methoxy-(+)-isolariciresinol. Among them, dendronbibisline B and 5-methoxy-(+)-isolariciresinol were isolated from Dendrobium officinale for the first time. Besides, we found dendrocandin U, dendronbibisline B and (-)-syringaresinol exhibited the anti-inflammation to inhibit nitric oxide secretion induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon (IFN-γ) in MH-S cells. Furthermore, dendrocandin U could inhibit the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Cluster of Differentiation 86 (CD86), and reduce inflammatory morphological changes of macrophages. Meanwhile, we confirmed that the anti-inflammation mechanism of dendrocandin U was to inhibit M1 polarization by suppressing toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/recombinant myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. In this paper, dendrocandin U with significant anti-inflammatory activity was found from Dendrobium officinale, which could provide a basis for the study of its anti-inflammatory drugs.© 2023 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.