农药在农业和食品制造领域发挥着关键作用，因为它们可以有效控制杂草、昆虫、植物病原体和微生物污染的繁殖。它们在某些方面很有价值，但如果滥用，可能会导致癌症、生殖毒性、神经系统疾病和内分泌系统紊乱等健康问题。在这方面，应采用减少食品中农药残留的实用方法。为了减少食品加工中的农药残留，已经提出了一些策略。最近对解毒过程进行了研究，包括益生菌等微生物及其代谢物。术语“后生元”描述由活细菌分泌或在细菌裂解后释放的可溶性物质，例如肽、酶、磷壁酸、由肽聚糖产生的壁肽、多糖、蛋白质和有机酸。由于其独特的化学组成、安全剂量指南、较长的保质期以及可能具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗肥胖、免疫调节、抗高血压和免疫调节作用的各种信号分子的存在，这些后生元引起了人们的兴趣。它们还可以解毒重金属、霉菌毒素和杀虫剂。水解酶已被认为是农药降解的潜在机制。后生元还可以减少活性氧的产生，增强胃肠道屏障功能，减少炎症，并调节宿主外源性代谢。本综述重点介绍了食品中的农药残留、后生元的定义和安全性，以及它们在农药解毒中的生物学作用以及这些化合物对农药不利影响的保护作用。© 2023。作者，下Springer Science Business Media, LLC（Springer Nature 的一部分）的独家许可。

Pesticides possess a pivotal role in the realm of agriculture and food manufacturing, as they effectively manage the proliferation of weeds, insects, plant pathogens, and microbial contaminations. They are valuable in some ways, but if misused, they can cause health issues like cancer, reproductive toxicity, neurological illnesses, and endocrine system disturbances. In this regard, practical methods for reducing pesticide residue in food should be used. For reducing pesticide residue in food processing, some strategies have been suggested. Recent research has been done on detoxification processes, including microorganisms like probiotics and their metabolites. The term "postbiotics" describes soluble substances, such as peptides, enzymes, teichoic acids, muropeptides generated from peptidoglycans, polysaccharides, proteins, and organic acids that are secreted by living bacteria or released after bacterial lysis. Due to their distinct chemical makeup, safe dosage guidelines, lengthy shelf lives, and presence of various signaling molecules that may have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesogenic, immunomodulatory, anti-hypertensive, and immunomodulatory effects, these postbiotics have attracted interest. They also can detoxify heavy metals, mycotoxins, and pesticides. Hydrolytic enzymes have been proposed as a potential mechanism for pesticide degradation. Postbiotics can also reduce reactive oxygen species production, enhance gastrointestinal barrier function, reduce inflammation, and modulate host xenobiotic metabolism. This review highlights pesticide residues in food products, definitions and safety aspect of postbiotics, as well as their biological role in detoxification of pesticides and the protective role of these compounds against the adverse effects of pesticides.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.