癌症疫苗可驱动肿瘤反应性免疫细胞的激活和增殖，从而引发肿瘤特异性免疫来杀死肿瘤细胞。因此，它们在癌症治疗方面具有巨大的潜力。然而，此类疫苗也面临着与其设计相关的挑战以及个体肿瘤之间的巨大差异。针对2019冠状病毒病的信使RNA（mRNA）疫苗的成功，促使mRNA疫苗技术平台在肿瘤治疗领域的应用。这些平台包括线性、环状和扩增 mRNA 疫苗。特别是，扩增mRNA疫苗的特点是在低剂量下高水平和延长抗原基因表达。它们还可以刺激特异性细胞免疫，使其在癌症疫苗研究中极具前景。在这篇综述中，我们总结了扩增 mRNA 疫苗的研究进展，并对其在肿瘤治疗中的前景和未来方向进行了展望。版权所有 © 2023 Hu、Liu、Cheng、Bai、Mao、Xu 和 Liang。

Cancer vaccines drive the activation and proliferation of tumor-reactive immune cells, thereby eliciting tumor-specific immunity that kills tumor cells. Accordingly, they possess immense potential in cancer treatment. However, such vaccines are also faced with challenges related to their design and considerable differences among individual tumors. The success of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 has prompted the application of mRNA vaccine technology platforms to the field of oncotherapy. These platforms include linear, circular, and amplifying mRNA vaccines. In particular, amplifying mRNA vaccines are characterized by high-level and prolonged antigen gene expression at low doses. They can also stimulate specific cellular immunity, making them highly promising in cancer vaccine research. In this review, we summarize the research progress in amplifying mRNA vaccines and provide an outlook of their prospects and future directions in oncotherapy.Copyright © 2023 Hu, Liu, Cheng, Bai, Mao, Xu and Liang.