人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 是一种 DNA 致癌病毒。 HPV感染是最常见的性传播疾病，能够感染肛门生殖器、上呼吸消化道以及其他头颈部粘膜区域的粘膜和皮膜。尽管HPV感染通常无症状，并且很容易被免疫系统解决，但如果持续存在并进展，则可能导致癌症。 5% 的人类癌症是由 HPV 造成的。与 HPV 相关的恶性病变包括口腔和呼吸道鳞状细胞癌、宫颈癌和肛门生殖器癌。目前，HPV感染尚无特效治疗方法，治疗方法（组织消融、化疗、冷冻疗法和免疫调节）无法完全消除病毒。疫苗接种和宫颈筛查是针对致癌 HPV 提供保护的两种方法。不幸的是，发展中国家尚未提出有效的疫苗接种、预防、检测或治疗方案。在这篇综述中，我们回顾了从最近关于 HPV 感染的病毒学、发病机制、临床表现、流行病学、预防和治疗的研究中获得的知识。版权所有 © Bentham Science Publishers；如有任何疑问，请发送电子邮件至 epub@benthamscience.net。

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a DNA oncogenic virus. HPV infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease, and is capable of infecting mucosal and cutaneous membranes of the anogenital, upper aerodigestive tract, and other head and neck mucosal regions. Although HPV infection is generally asymptomatic and can be easily resolved by the immune system, if it persists and progresses, it can lead to cancer. HPV is permanently responsible for 5% of human cancers. Malignant lesions related to HPV include oral and respiratory squamous cell carcinomas, and cervical and anogenital cancers. Currently, no specific treatment is available for HPV infection, and therapeutic procedures (tissue ablation, chemotherapy, cryotherapy, and immunomodulation) cannot eliminate the virus completely. Vaccination and cervical screening are two methods that have been developed to provide protection against oncogenic HPV. Unfortunately, no effective protocol for vaccination, prevention, testing, or treatment has yet been proposed in the developing countries. In this review, we have reviewed the knowledge gained from recent studies on virology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, epidemiology, prevention, and treatment of HPV infection.Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.