摘要侵袭性镰刀菌病是一种严重的侵袭性真菌病，影响免疫功能正常的患者，更常见的是影响免疫功能低下的患者。局部疾病是免疫功能正常患者的典型临床形式。患有侵袭性镰刀菌病的免疫功能低下的宿主是接受诱导缓解化疗方案的急性白血病患者，以及接受同种异体造血细胞移植的患者。在这种情况下，感染通常通过血培养阳性、多处疼痛性转移性皮肤病变和肺部受累而传播。目前可用的抗真菌剂对镰刀菌属物种的体外活性较差，但体外活性和临床有效性之间不存在明确的相关性。侵袭性镰刀菌病的结果在很大程度上取决于免疫抑制的解决，尤其是中性粒细胞减少患者的中性粒细胞恢复。

SUMMARYInvasive fusariosis is a serious invasive fungal disease, affecting immunocompetent and, more frequently, immunocompromised patients. Localized disease is the typical clinical form in immunocompetent patients. Immunocompromised hosts at elevated risk of developing invasive fusariosis are patients with acute leukemia receiving chemotherapeutic regimens for remission induction, and those undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant. In this setting, the infection is usually disseminated with positive blood cultures, multiple painful metastatic skin lesions, and lung involvement. Currently available antifungal agents have poor in vitro activity against Fusarium species, but a clear-cut correlation between in vitro activity and clinical effectiveness does not exist. The outcome of invasive fusariosis is largely dependent on the resolution of immunosuppression, especially neutrophil recovery in neutropenic patients.