概述已批准的免疫疗法和关键临床试验中出现的神经毒性谱，包括免疫检查点抑制剂、嵌合抗原受体 T 细胞疗法、疫苗疗法和溶瘤病毒。新的免疫疗法呈指数级增长，改变了格局的肿瘤治疗。随着癌症免疫疗法的更广泛使用，其相关神经毒性的表征、潜在潜在机制的研究以及管理指南的制定也取得了进展。人们对长期神经系统后遗症的兴趣也日益浓厚。免疫治疗的神经系统并发症会影响中枢和周围神经系统的各个方面。早期识别和治疗至关重要。将免疫疗法的适应症扩大到实体瘤和中枢神经系统肿瘤带来了新的挑战，例如如何可靠地区分神经毒性和疾病进展。我们对免疫治疗神经毒性不断发展的理解凸显了未来研究的重要领域以及对新型免疫调节疗法的需求。© 2023。作者获得 Springer Science Business Media, LLC（Springer Nature 的一部分）的独家许可。

To outline the spectrum of neurotoxicity seen with approved immunotherapies and in pivotal clinical trials including immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, vaccine therapy, and oncolytic viruses.There has been an exponential growth in new immunotherapies, which has transformed the landscape of oncology treatment. With more widespread use of cancer immunotherapies, there have also been advances in characterization of its associated neurotoxicity, research into potential underlying mechanisms, and development of management guidelines. Increasingly, there is also mounting interest in long-term neurologic sequelae. Neurologic complications of immunotherapy can impact every aspect of the central and peripheral nervous system. Early recognition and treatment are critical. Expanding indications for immunotherapy to solid and CNS tumors has led to new challenges, such as how to reliably distinguish neurotoxicity from disease progression. Our evolving understanding of immunotherapy neurotoxicity highlights important areas for future research and the need for novel immunomodulatory therapeutics.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.