线粒体被认为起源于一种古老的内共生过程，在该过程中，变形菌被捕获并用于能量生产和细胞代谢。线粒体在细胞分裂和分化过程中分离，线粒体和线粒体 DNA 基因组从亲代细胞垂直遗传到子代细胞。然而，大量文献表明，某些细胞类型会输出线粒体，以将其传递给发育上不相关的细胞类型，这一过程称为细胞间线粒体转移。在这篇综述中，我们描述了线粒体在细胞之间转移的机制，并讨论了细胞间线粒体转移如何调节健康和疾病中各种器官系统的生理和功能。我们特别讨论了线粒体转移在调节细胞代谢、癌症、免疫系统、维持组织稳态、线粒体质量控制、伤口愈合和脂肪组织功能中的作用。我们还强调了靶向细胞间线粒体转移作为治疗人类疾病和增强细胞疗法的治疗策略的潜力。© 2023。Springer Nature Limited。

Mitochondria are believed to have originated through an ancient endosymbiotic process in which proteobacteria were captured and co-opted for energy production and cellular metabolism. Mitochondria segregate during cell division and differentiation, with vertical inheritance of mitochondria and the mitochondrial DNA genome from parent to daughter cells. However, an emerging body of literature indicates that some cell types export their mitochondria for delivery to developmentally unrelated cell types, a process called intercellular mitochondria transfer. In this Review, we describe the mechanisms by which mitochondria are transferred between cells and discuss how intercellular mitochondria transfer regulates the physiology and function of various organ systems in health and disease. In particular, we discuss the role of mitochondria transfer in regulating cellular metabolism, cancer, the immune system, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, mitochondrial quality control, wound healing and adipose tissue function. We also highlight the potential of targeting intercellular mitochondria transfer as a therapeutic strategy to treat human diseases and augment cellular therapies.© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.