免疫系统在调节肿瘤进展中发挥着关键作用。然而，尽管男性和女性免疫细胞功能存在差异，但我们对性别作为抗肿瘤免疫反应变量的认识才刚刚开始发展。最近对小鼠的研究结果首次证明，两性之间癌症发病率的差异部分是由雄性和雌性 T 细胞反应的差异造成的。本综述将讨论越来越多的文献表明男性和女性针对肿瘤的先天性和适应性免疫反应并不相同，并强调这可能对肿瘤对免疫疗法的反应产生的影响。©2023 美国癌症研究协会。

The immune system plays critical roles in regulating tumor progression. However, despite established differences in male and female immune cell function, our appreciation of sex as a variable in antitumor immune responses is only beginning to develop. Recent findings in mice have demonstrated for the first time that disparities in cancer incidence between the sexes are driven in part by differences in male and female T-cell responses. This review will discuss the growing body of literature demonstrating that male and female innate and adaptive immune responses against tumors are not equivalent and highlight the impact this may have on tumor responses to immunotherapies.©2023 American Association for Cancer Research.