在 COVID-19 大流行期间获得紧急批准后，mRNA 疫苗已成为寻求加强未来传染病和癌症疫苗接种策略的中心舞台。事实上，它们极大地掩盖了基因疫苗的另一个方面，特别是 DNA 疫苗。尽管如此，重要的是要承认这两种类型的基因疫苗都有独特的优点和缺点，使它们彼此不同。在这项工作中，我们广泛深入研究了基因疫苗的历史、它们的作用机制、它们的优点和局限性，并最终强调在 DNA 和 mRNA 疫苗潜在增强的关键领域正在进行的研究。在这里，我们评估与 DNA 和 mRNA 疫苗相关的主要优点和缺点的重要性。我们挑战了当前的思路，强调 DNA 疫苗接种的现有缺点可能比 mRNA 疫苗接种的缺点更容易解决。我们认为，这表明 DNA 疫苗在追求疫苗接种的未来方面仍应是可行的竞争者。

After receiving emergency approval during the COVID-19 pandemic, mRNA vaccines have taken center stage in the quest to enhance future vaccination strategies for both infectious diseases and cancer. Indeed, they have significantly overshadowed another facet of genetic vaccination, specifically DNA vaccines. Nevertheless, it is important to acknowledge that both types of genetic vaccines have distinct advantages and disadvantages that set them apart from each other.In this work, we delve extensively into the history of genetic vaccines, their mechanisms of action, their strengths, and limitations, and ultimately highlight ongoing research in key areas for potential enhancement of both DNA and mRNA vaccines.Here, we assess the significance of the primary benefits and drawbacks associated with DNA and mRNA vaccination. We challenge the current lines of thought by highlighting that the existing drawbacks of DNA vaccination could potentially be more straightforward to address compared to those linked with mRNA vaccination. In our view, this suggests that DNA vaccines should remain viable contenders in the pursuit of the future of vaccination.