多发性骨髓瘤（MM）是一种以异常浆细胞克隆性增殖为特征的恶性肿瘤。在许多国家，它被列为造血系统第二常见的恶性肿瘤。尽管MM的治疗方法不断改进，患者的生存时间显着延长，但MM仍然是一种复发概率很高的不治之症。因此，仍有许多挑战需要解决。一种有前途的方法是单细胞 RNA 测序 (scRNA-seq)，它可以阐明单个细胞的转录组异质性，并揭示复杂组织中以前未知的细胞类型或状态。在这篇综述中，我们概述了 scRNA-seq 在 MM 中的实验工作流程，列出了一些常用的 scRNA-seq 平台和分析工具。此外，随着scRNA-seq的出现，许多研究在MM克隆进化过程中的关键分子机制、微环境中的细胞相互作用和分子调控、靶向治疗中的耐药机制等方面取得了新的进展。我们总结了将 scRNA-seq 应用于多发性骨髓瘤研究的主要发现和测序平台，并根据这些发现提出了靶向治疗的广泛方向。版权所有 © 2023 作者。由威科健康公司代表中华医学会 (CMA) 和中国医学科学院血液学研究所发布

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant neoplasm characterized by clonal proliferation of abnormal plasma cells. In many countries, it ranks as the second most prevalent malignant neoplasm of the hematopoietic system. Although treatment methods for MM have been continuously improved and the survival of patients has been dramatically prolonged, MM remains an incurable disease with a high probability of recurrence. As such, there are still many challenges to be addressed. One promising approach is single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), which can elucidate the transcriptome heterogeneity of individual cells and reveal previously unknown cell types or states in complex tissues. In this review, we outlined the experimental workflow of scRNA-seq in MM, listed some commonly used scRNA-seq platforms and analytical tools. In addition, with the advent of scRNA-seq, many studies have made new progress in the key molecular mechanisms during MM clonal evolution, cell interactions and molecular regulation in the microenvironment, and drug resistance mechanisms in target therapy. We summarized the main findings and sequencing platforms for applying scRNA-seq to MM research and proposed broad directions for targeted therapies based on these findings.Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health Inc., on behalf of the Chinese Medical Association (CMA) and Institute of Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (IHCAMS).