肾细胞癌（RCC）是最恶性的泌尿系统肿瘤之一。目前，缺乏早期诊断肾细胞癌的分子标志物。早期肾细胞癌的5年生存率普遍较高；然而，当肿瘤进展到远处转移时，预后会显着下降。因此，肾细胞癌分子标志物的鉴定对于提高早期诊断率至关重要。外泌体是一种细胞外囊泡（EV），大小通常为30 nm至150 nm，含有RNA、DNA、蛋白质、脂质等。它们可以通过自分泌或旁分泌途径影响邻近的受体细胞，影响细胞通讯，调节局部免疫细胞，从而塑造肿瘤免疫微环境，与肿瘤发生发展密切相关。外泌体作为肿瘤标志物和治疗靶点的临床应用引起了研究界的极大兴趣。本综述旨在全面总结 RCC 背景下外泌体研究的进展。版权所有 © 2023 Rui、Zhou 和 He。

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most malignant urological tumors. Currently, there is a lack of molecular markers for early diagnosis of RCC. The 5-year survival rate for early-stage RCC is generally favorable; however, the prognosis takes a significant downturn when the tumor progresses to distant metastasis. Therefore, the identification of molecular markers for RCC is crucial in enhancing early diagnosis rates. Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicle (EV) typically ranging in size from 30 nm to 150 nm, which contain RNA, DNA, proteins, lipids, etc. They can impact neighboring receptor cells through the autocrine or paracrine pathway, influence cellular communication, and regulate the local immune cells, consequently shaping the tumor immune microenvironment and closely associating with tumor development. The clinical application of exosomes as tumor markers and therapeutic targets has ignited significant interest within the research community. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the advancements in exosome research within the context of RCC.Copyright © 2023 Rui, Zhou and He.