肿瘤溶解综合征（TLS）是一种肿瘤急症，其特征是多种代谢紊乱，例如高尿酸血症、高钾血症、高磷血症和低钙血症。 TLS 通常在血液系统恶性肿瘤中观察到，尤其是在开始第一次抗肿瘤治疗后。实体恶性肿瘤中的 TLS 非常罕见，在没有化疗的情况下自发发生时极其罕见。我们报道了一名 76 岁男性肺腺癌病例，该癌症最初是一种具有惰性行为和较小肿瘤负荷的癌症但5个月后复发，转移性疾病迅速增殖。自发性TLS是肿瘤复发的临床表现，并导致患者死亡。据我们所知，这是医学文献报道的首例复发性肺腺癌自发性TLS病例。 TLS 代谢紊乱的发展应促使在实体恶性肿瘤患者的随访过程中考虑肿瘤复发。© 2023 作者。由巴塞尔 S. Karger AG 出版。

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncologic emergency characterized by several metabolic derangements, such as hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia. TLS is typically observed in hematologic malignancies, especially after starting the first administration of antineoplastic therapies. TLS in a solid malignancy is very unusual, and exceedingly rare when occurring spontaneously, in the absence of chemotherapy.We report a case of a 76-year-old man with lung adenocarcinoma, which started as a cancer with indolent behavior and small tumor burden but relapsed in 5 months with rapidly proliferating metastatic disease. Spontaneous TLS was the presenting clinical manifestation of the tumor relapse, and it led to the patient's death.To our knowledge, this is the first case of spontaneous TLS in a relapsed adenocarcinoma of the lung reported in the medical literature. The development of the metabolic derangements of TLS should prompt the consideration of tumor relapse during the follow-up of patients with solid malignancies.© 2023 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.