起泡性自身免疫性皮肤病是一组异质的罕见疾病。天疱疮疾病与类天疱疮疾病以及疱疹样皮炎不同。在天疱疮疾病中，皮肤起泡是由表皮内角质形成细胞之间的粘附力丧失引起的。在类天疱疮疾病中，水疱的形成是由于表皮下基底膜角质形成细胞的粘附力丧失所致。本文回顾了与大疱性自身免疫性皮肤病相关的最重要的触发因素，并讨论了它们在其初始表现和恶化中的作用。重点回顾我们对文献进行了整理，包括原始文章、指南、参考书和之前发表的评论文章。疫苗接种、病毒感染、紫外线 (UV) 暴露和放射治疗可能是易感患者发生寻常型天疱疮的诱因。对于更为罕见的落叶型天疱疮，紫外线照射尤为重要。硫醇类和酚类是可诱发天疱疮的药物，临床上通常类似落叶型天疱疮。年龄是大疱性类天疱疮最重要的危险因素。此外，大疱性类天疱疮与二肽基肽酶 4 抑制剂、程序性细胞死亡蛋白 1 或程序性死亡配体 1 抑制剂以及神经系统疾病尤其相关。严重的粘膜损伤、某些药物，特别是肿瘤可能在粘膜类天疱疮中发挥作用。了解可能的触发因素有助于在最初表现时及时诊断，并支持预防大疱性自身免疫性皮肤病的复发。© 2023。作者，获得 Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH（ein Teil von Springer Nature）的独家许可。

Blistering autoimmune dermatoses are a heterogeneous group of rare diseases. Pemphigus diseases are distinguished from pemphigoid diseases as well as dermatitis herpetiformis. In pemphigus diseases, cutaneous blistering is caused by an intraepidermal loss of adhesion between keratinocytes. In pemphigoid diseases, blister formation is due to a subepidermal loss of adhesion of keratinocytes from the basement membrane.This article reviews the most important trigger factors associated with bullous autoimmune dermatoses and discusses their role in their initial manifestation as well as exacerbation.A focused review of the literature including original articles, guidelines, reference works and previously published review articles was performed.Vaccinations, viral infections, ultraviolet light (UV) exposure and radiation therapies are possible triggers of pemphigus vulgaris in predisposed patients. For the much rarer pemphigus foliaceus, UV exposure is of particular importance. Thiols and phenols are drugs that can induce pemphigus usually resembling pemphigus foliaceus clinically. Age is the most important risk factor of bullous pemphigoid. In addition, in bullous pemphigoid associations with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, programmed cell death protein‑1 or programmed death-ligand‑1 inhibitors as well as neurological diseases are particularly relevant. Severe mucosal damage, certain drugs and in particular cases neoplasms might play a role in mucous membrane pemphigoid.Knowing possible trigger factors facilitates a timely diagnosis upon initial manifestation and supports the prevention of relapse of bullous autoimmune dermatoses.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.