避免免疫破坏和多态微生物组是癌症的两个关键标志。肿瘤微环境（TME）对于实体瘤的发生至关重要，TME中肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAM）的功能与肿瘤预后密切相关。因此，对 TAM 的研究可以改善某些肿瘤患者的进展和控制。此外，肠道菌群在物质代谢和通过复杂的相互作用网络维持与宿主的共生关系方面发挥着至关重要的作用。最近的实验和临床研究表明肠道微生物组与 TME 之间存在潜在联系，特别是在调节 TAM 方面。了解这种关联可以提高肿瘤免疫治疗的疗效。本综述强调了肠道菌群对 TAM 的调节作用，重点关注肠道微生物群及其代谢物。还讨论了这种关联对肿瘤诊断和治疗的影响，为未来的临床治疗策略提供了一条有希望的途径。

Avoiding immune destruction and polymorphic microbiomes are two key hallmarks of cancer. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential for the development of solid tumors, and the function of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the TME is closely linked to tumor prognosis. Therefore, research on TAMs could improve the progression and control of certain tumor patients. Additionally, the intestinal flora plays a crucial role in metabolizing substances and maintaining a symbiotic relationship with the host through a complex network of interactions. Recent experimental and clinical studies have suggested a potential link between gut microbiome and TME, particularly in regulating TAMs. Understanding this association could improve the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. This review highlights the regulatory role of intestinal flora on TAMs, with a focus on gut microbiota and their metabolites. The implications of this association for tumor diagnosis and treatment are also discussed, providing a promising avenue for future clinical treatment strategies.