食管癌 (EC) 是马拉维第二大常见癌症，其中食管鳞状细胞癌 (ESCC) 占所有食管癌的 90% 以上。尽管发病率和死亡率很高，但人们对疾病的结果知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们评估了马拉维 ESCC 诊断后的生存率。我们报告了 2017 年 8 月至 2020 年 4 月在利隆圭 Kamuzu 中心医院纳入病例对照研究的 ESCC 病例。疑似病例完成了问卷调查；提供血液、尿液和唾液样本；并进行肿瘤活检以进行组织学确认。从入组到研究结束日期（2020 年 12 月 31 日）、死亡日期或失访日期，每两周对病例进行一次电话随访。使用 Kaplan-Meier 分析和对数秩检验评估生存率。我们还使用 Cox 回归模型检查了治疗与 ESCC 死亡率之间的关联。本研究纳入了 300 名 ESCC 患者，其中 290 名 (97%) 人在随访结束时已知生命状况，10 名 (3%) 人在随访结束时已知生命状况。失去后续。 290 名患者中，282 名（97%）在随访期间死亡。入组时的中位年龄为 55 岁（IQR，48-66），中位死亡时间为 106 天（95% CI，92 至 127）。 1 年、2 年和 3 年生存率分别为 11%（95% CI，8 至 15）、3%（95% CI，1 至 6）和 0.9%（95% CI，0.8 至 6）。 4）分别。姑息化疗显着改善了 ESCC 患者的总生存率（Plog-rank = 0.038），并且与死亡率降低显着相关（调整后的风险比，0.71 [95% CI，0.51 至 0.99]）。吸烟、饮酒或艾滋病毒状况与死亡率之间没有观察到显着关联。马拉维诊断出 ESCC 后的生存率很差。尽管姑息化疗与提高生存率相关，但预防和早期检测仍然是降低人群食管鳞癌死亡率的关键优先事项。

Esophageal cancer (EC) is the second most common cancer in Malawi, with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) representing >90% of all ECs. Despite significant morbidity and mortality, little is known about disease outcomes. In this study, we assess survival after ESCC diagnosis in Malawi.We report on ESCC cases enrolled in a case-control study at Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe from August 2017 to April 2020. Suspected cases completed a questionnaire interview; provided blood, urine, and saliva specimens; and underwent a tumor biopsy for histologic confirmation. Cases were followed up by phone biweekly from enrollment to the study end date (December 31, 2020), date of death, or loss to follow-up. Survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis with the log-rank test. We also examined associations between treatment and ESCC mortality using Cox regression models.There were 300 patients with ESCC enrolled in this study, of whom 290 (97%) had known vital status at the end of follow-up and 10 (3%) were lost to follow-up. Among the 290 patients, 282 (97%) died during follow-up. The median age at enrollment was 55 years (IQR, 48-66), and the median time to death was 106 days (95% CI, 92 to 127). The 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year survival rates were 11% (95% CI, 8 to 15), 3% (95% CI, 1 to 6), and 0.9% (95% CI, 0.8 to 4), respectively. Palliative chemotherapy significantly improved the overall survival of patients with ESCC (Plog-rank = .038) and was significantly associated with reduced mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.51 to 0.99]). No significant association was observed between tobacco use, alcohol consumption, or HIV status and mortality.Survival after diagnosis of ESCC was poor in Malawi. Although palliative chemotherapy was associated with improved survival, prevention and earlier detection remain key priorities to improve ESCC mortality at a population level.