细胞生长、增殖和代谢的中央调节因子之一是雷帕霉素的哺乳动物靶点 mTOR，它存在于两种结构和功能不同的复合物中：mTORC1 和 mTORC2；与 m TORC2 不同，mTORC1 在营养充足时被激活，并被雷帕霉素抑制。 mTOR复合物不仅在蛋白质合成、基因转录调控、增殖、肿瘤代谢中发挥关键作用，而且在自噬和细胞凋亡等程序性细胞死亡机制的调控中也发挥着关键作用。自噬是一种保守的分解代谢机制，其中受损的分子因营养饥饿而被回收。新的证据表明 mTOR 信号通路在肿瘤中经常被激活。此外，自噬失调与多种人类疾病的发生有关，例如癌症和衰老。由于mTOR可以抑制从自噬体形成早期到溶酶体降解后期的自噬过程的诱导，因此使用mTOR抑制剂来调节自噬可被认为是一种潜在的治疗选择。本综述阐明了 mTOR 和自噬信号通路以及 mTOR-自噬的调节机制。版权所有 © 2023。由 Elsevier Ltd 出版。

One of the central regulators of cell growth, proliferation, and metabolism is the mammalian target of rapamycin, mTOR, which exists in two structurally and functionally different complexes: mTORC1 and mTORC2; unlike m TORC2, mTORC1 is activated in response to the sufficiency of nutrients and is inhibited by rapamycin. mTOR complexes have critical roles not only in protein synthesis, gene transcription regulation, proliferation, tumor metabolism, but also in the regulation of the programmed cell death mechanisms such as autophagy and apoptosis. Autophagy is a conserved catabolic mechanism in which damaged molecules are recycled in response to nutrient starvation. Emerging evidence indicates that the mTOR signaling pathway is frequently activated in tumors. In addition, dysregulation of autophagy was associated with the development of a variety of human diseases, such as cancer and aging. Since mTOR can inhibit the induction of the autophagic process from the early stages of autophagosome formation to the late stage of lysosome degradation, the use of mTOR inhibitors to regulate autophagy could be considered a potential therapeutic option. The present review sheds light on the mTOR and autophagy signaling pathways and the mechanisms of regulation of mTOR-autophagy.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.