回顾组织学证实的弥漫性特发性肺神经内分泌细胞增生 (DIPNECH) 病例，并进行详细的病理-放射学相关性，以了解计算机断层扫描 (CT) 是否可用于自信地识别 DIPNECH。共享数据库中有 23 名组织学证实的 DIPNECH 患者两个 NHS 信托基金接受了审查。 CT 图像由两名独立的放射科医生进行审查，他们每人在胸部影像方面都拥有超过 10 年的经验。所有组织学标本均由经验超过 25 年的病理学家进行审查。 DIPNECH 的诊断是根据世界卫生组织 (WHO) 2015 年肺部肿瘤分类中包含的现行定义进行的。将组织学结果与 CT 上结节和空气滞留的存在进行比较。还考虑了人口统计信息以及分子影像研究和肺功能测试（如果有）。原型临床和放射学结果反映了潜在组织学 DIPNECH 的存在：中年女性由于肺结核的聚集和扩散而出现多个小且分散的结节。神经内分泌细胞。至少一个较大的、占主导地位的肺结节反映类癌是很常见的，并且在吸气扫描中大约 50% 的病例中可以看到马赛克衰减/空气滞留。气流阻塞很少与组织学支气管或支气管周围纤维化相关，这表明其发展必须涉及其他机制。CT 可用于在适当的临床环境中预测病理性 DIPNECH。考虑 DIPNECH 以避免对肺癌或转移等更险恶疾病的过度诊断非常重要。版权所有 © 2023。由 Elsevier Ltd 出版。

To review histologically confirmed diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) cases and carry out a detailed pathological-radiological correlation to see if computed tomography (CT) can be used to confidently identify DIPNECH.Twenty-three histologically confirmed DIPNECH patients in the shared database of two NHS Trusts were reviewed. CT images were reviewed by two independent radiologists, each of them with >10 years of experience in thoracic imaging. All histological specimens were reviewed by a single pathologist with >25 years of experience. The diagnosis of DIPNECH was made according to the current World Health Organization (WHO) definition included in the WHO 2015 classification of pulmonary tumours. The results on histology were compared to the presence of nodules and air trapping on CT. Demographic information and, when available, molecular imaging studies and pulmonary function tests were also considered.There are prototypal clinical and radiological findings reflecting the presence of underlying histological DIPNECH: middle-aged women with multiple small and scattered nodules due to the clustering and proliferation of neuroendocrine cells. At least one larger, dominant, lung nodule reflecting a carcinoid tumour is very common and mosaic attenuation/air trapping is seen approximately in 50% of cases in inspiratory scans. Airflow obstruction is rarely associated with histological bronchial or peribronchial fibrosis, which suggests other mechanisms must be involved in its development.CT can be used to predict pathological DIPNECH in the appropriate clinical setting. It is important to consider DIPNECH to avoid overdiagnosis of more sinister conditions such as lung cancer or metastases.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.