萎缩性胃炎是导致胃癌（GC）的过程之一，与幽门螺杆菌（HP）感染密切相关。本研究旨在了解 HP 如何引起慢性炎症，从而导致溃疡和胃病。该研究纳入了 28 名 CAG 患者（9 名 HP 感染者和 19 名 HP 未感染者）。进行了内窥镜检查、组织病理学和高通量 mRNA 测序。通过 qRT-PCR 验证差异表达基因 (DEG)。主成分分析 (PCA) 结果显示，超过 88.9% 的样本属于 HP ( ) 组。总共鉴定出 157 个 DEG，其中 38 个上调，119 个下调。 DEG主要富集于与免疫系统过程、适应性免疫反应、G蛋白偶联受体信号通路相关的生物过程（BP）术语，以及指向许多关键通路，包括脂肪消化和吸收、视黄醇代谢、类固醇激素生物合成、抗坏血酸和醛糖代谢以及化学致癌作用。 APOA1、APOA4、FOXP3、NR1H4、ABCG5、ACTA1、CCL19、CCR7、CYP3A4、PDCD作为枢纽基因在蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络中程度最高；除 PDCD 外，它们也被纳入转录因子 (TF) 目标网络。与HP(-)CAG患者相比,HP(+)CAG患者中APOA1和CYP3A4的表达极显着上调,而FOXP3、CCR7和CCL19的表达显着下调。 APOA1、CYP3A4、FOXP3、CCR7和CCL19的表达是CAG向GC发展的潜在指标，是预测CAG进展和GC不良预后的生物标志物。版权所有©2023 比亚韦斯托克医科大学。由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。保留所有权利。

Atrophic gastritis, one of the processes leading to gastric cancer (GC), is closely related to Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection. This study aimed to understand how HP causes chronic inflammation that leads to ulcers and stomach problems.Twenty-eight CAG patients were included in the study (9 HP-infected and 19 HP-uninfected). Endoscopy, histopathology, and high-throughput mRNA sequencing were performed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were validated via qRT-PCR.Principal component analysis (PCA) results showed that more than 88.9 ​% of the samples were classified into the HP (+) group. A total of 157 DEGs were identified, of which 38 were up-regulated and 119 were down-regulated. The DEGs were mainly enriched in the biological process (BP) terms associated with immune system process, adaptive immune response, G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, as well as point to numerous key pathways, including fat digestion and absorption, retinol metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, and chemical carcinogenesis. APOA1, APOA4, FOXP3, NR1H4, ABCG5, ACTA1, CCL19, CCR7, CYP3A4, and PDCD had the highest degrees in protein-protein interaction network as the hub genes; they were also included into the transcription factor (TF)-target network except for PDCD. APOA1 and CYP3A4 were extremely significantly up-regulated in HP (+) CAG patients compared with the HP (-) CAG patients, while FOXP3, CCR7 and CCL19 were significantly down-regulated.The expression of APOA1, CYP3A4, FOXP3, CCR7, and CCL19 are the potential indicators for CAG to GC development, being the biomarkers to predict progression of CAG and poor prognosis of GC.Copyright © 2023 Medical University of Bialystok. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.