成人发病的特发性炎症性肌病 (IIM) 与 IIM 发病前后 3 年内癌症风险增加相关。基于证据和共识的 IIM 相关癌症筛查建议可能会改善结果。本 IIM 相关癌症筛查国际指南提供了有关 IIM 相关癌症风险分层、癌症筛查方式和筛查频率的建议。国际专家组利用一系列在线调查，通过修改后的德尔菲法，总共形成了 18 条建议。首先，这些建议能够根据 IIM 亚型、自身抗体状态和临床特征将个体患者的 IIM 相关癌症风险分为标准风险、中风险或高风险。其次，建议概述了“基本”筛查小组（包括胸部X光检查和初步实验室测试）和“增强”筛查小组（包括CT和肿瘤标志物）。第三，建议根据风险状况，通过基本和增强小组的筛查时间和频率提出建议。该建议还建议在特定患者人群中考虑上消化道内窥镜检查或下消化道内窥镜检查、鼻内窥镜检查和 18F-FDG PET-CT 扫描。这些建议旨在促进早期 IIM 相关癌症检测，尤其是高风险人群，从而有可能改善结果，包括生存率。© 2023。Springer Nature Limited。

Adult-onset idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) is associated with an increased cancer risk within the 3 years preceding and following IIM onset. Evidence- and consensus-based recommendations for IIM-associated cancer screening can potentially improve outcomes. This International Guideline for IIM-Associated Cancer Screening provides recommendations addressing IIM-associated cancer risk stratification, cancer screening modalities and screening frequency. The international Expert Group formed a total of 18 recommendations via a modified Delphi approach using a series of online surveys. First, the recommendations enable an individual patient's IIM-associated cancer risk to be stratified into standard, moderate or high risk according to the IIM subtype, autoantibody status and clinical features. Second, the recommendations outline a 'basic' screening panel (including chest radiography and preliminary laboratory tests) and an 'enhanced' screening panel (including CT and tumour markers). Third, the recommendations advise on the timing and frequency of screening via basic and enhanced panels, according to risk status. The recommendations also advise consideration of upper or lower gastrointestinal endoscopy, nasoendoscopy and 18F-FDG PET-CT scanning in specific patient populations. These recommendations are aimed at facilitating earlier IIM-associated cancer detection, especially in those who are at a high risk, thus potentially improving outcomes, including survival.© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.