自 20 世纪 60 年代末以来，甲状腺超声 (US) 一直被用作诊断工具。超声检查是诊断甲状腺疾病最重要的影像学工具。在大多数情况下，通过超声检查概要以及临床表现和基础甲状腺激素参数就可以做出正确的诊断。然而，超声对甲状腺结节的表征仍然具有挑战性。甲状腺成像报告和数据系统（TIRADS）的引入显着提高了甲状腺癌的诊断准确性。弹性成像、卓越微血管成像 (SMI)、超声造影 (CEUS) 和多参数超声 (MPUS) 等新技术进一步扩展了诊断选择和工具。此外，人工智能（AI）的使用是改善和简化甲状腺结节诊断的一种有前途的工具，并且有证据表明人工智能可以超越人类的表现。将不同的美国技术与新软件的引入相结合，人工智能、FNB 以及分子标记的使用可能会为甲状腺疾病诊断准确性的全新领域铺平道路。最后，越来越多地提出使用超声引导的热消融 (TA) 程序进行介入超声作为良性和恶性甲状腺疾病的治疗选择。© 2023。作者获得 Springer Science Business Media, LLC 的独家许可，部分施普林格自然。

Ultrasound (US) of the thyroid has been used as a diagnostic tool since the late 1960s. US is the most important imaging tool for diagnosing thyroid disease. In the majority of cases a correct diagnosis can already be made in synopsis of the sonographic together with clinical findings and basal thyroid hormone parameters. However, the characterization of thyroid nodules by US remains challenging. The introduction of Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (TIRADSs) has improved diagnostic accuracy of thyroid cancer significantly. Newer techniques such as elastography, superb microvascular imaging (SMI), contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and multiparametric ultrasound (MPUS) expand diagnostic options and tools further. In addition, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) is a promising tool to improve and simplify diagnostics of thyroid nodules and there is evidence that AI can exceed the performance of humans. Combining different US techniques with the introduction of new software, the use of AI, FNB as well as molecular markers might pave the way for a completely new area of diagnostic accuracy in thyroid disease. Finally, interventional ultrasound using US-guided thermal ablation (TA) procedures are increasingly proposed as therapy options for benign as well as malignant thyroid diseases.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.