结构性种族主义可能通过其对住房、经济机会和医疗保健的广泛影响，导致癌症死亡率的种族和民族差异。然而，人们对将结构性种族主义纳入旨在确定支持健康公平的实践和政策策略的模拟模型的关注有限。我们回顾了评估结构性种族主义和癌症死亡率差异的研究，以强调在模拟建模研究中捕捉这一广泛概念的机会、挑战和未来方向。我们使用了系统评价和荟萃分析范围界定审查扩展指南的首选报告项目。搜索了 2018 年至 2023 年期间发表的文章，包括与种族、民族、癌症特异性和全因死亡率以及结构性种族主义相关的术语。我们纳入了评估结构性种族主义对美国癌症死亡率的种族和民族差异影响的研究。共识别出 8345 篇文章，其中 183 篇文章被纳入。研究使用了不同的衡量标准、数据源和方法。例如，在 20 项研究中，种族居住隔离是结构性种族主义的一个组成部分，它是通过差异性、极端集中性、红线或孤立性等指标来衡量的。数据源包括癌症登记、索赔或与美国人口普查或历史抵押数据中的地区指标相关的机构数据。隔离与较差的生存率相关。九项研究针对特定地点，并针对黑人、西班牙裔和白人居民制定了隔离措施。可以使用一系列措施和数据源来捕捉结构性种族主义的影响。我们提供了一系列最佳实践建议，供建模者在将结构性种族主义的影响纳入模拟模型时考虑。由牛津大学出版社 2023 年出版。

Structural racism could contribute to racial and ethnic disparities in cancer mortality via its broad effects on housing, economic opportunities, and health care. However, there has been limited focus on incorporating structural racism into simulation models designed to identify practice and policy strategies to support health equity. We reviewed studies evaluating structural racism and cancer mortality disparities to highlight opportunities, challenges, and future directions to capture this broad concept in simulation modeling research.We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-Scoping Review Extension guidelines. Articles published between 2018 and 2023 were searched including terms related to race, ethnicity, cancer-specific and all-cause mortality, and structural racism. We included studies evaluating the effects of structural racism on racial and ethnic disparities in cancer mortality in the United States.A total of 8345 articles were identified, and 183 articles were included. Studies used different measures, data sources, and methods. For example, in 20 studies, racial residential segregation, one component of structural racism, was measured by indices of dissimilarity, concentration at the extremes, redlining, or isolation. Data sources included cancer registries, claims, or institutional data linked to area-level metrics from the US census or historical mortgage data. Segregation was associated with worse survival. Nine studies were location specific, and the segregation measures were developed for Black, Hispanic, and White residents.A range of measures and data sources are available to capture the effects of structural racism. We provide a set of recommendations for best practices for modelers to consider when incorporating the effects of structural racism into simulation models.Published by Oxford University Press 2023.