免疫监视和适应性免疫反应，涉及持续循环和组织驻留的 T 淋巴细胞，为宿主提供针对传染源和可能的恶性转化的防御，同时避免自身免疫组织损伤。 T 细胞的激活、迁移和部署到受影响的组织部位对于产生适应性免疫反应至关重要。有效的适应性免疫防御取决于 T 细胞根据环境提示动态重新编程其代谢需求的能力。 T 细胞无法适应特定的代谢需求，可能会导致细胞反应低下（造成免疫功能低下）或过度活跃（导致自身免疫组织破坏）。在这里，我们回顾了可能导致自身免疫性疾病的适应不良 T 细胞代谢适应性，并讨论了如何潜在地调节 T 细胞代谢程序以实现治疗效果。

Immune surveillance and adaptive immune responses, involving continuously circulating and tissue-resident T-lymphocytes, provide host defense against infectious agents and possible malignant transformation while avoiding autoimmune tissue damage. Activation, migration, and deployment of T-cells to affected tissue sites are crucial for mounting an adaptive immune response. An effective adaptive immune defense depends on the ability of T-cells to dynamically reprogram their metabolic requirements in response to environmental cues. Inability of the T-cells to adapt to specific metabolic demands may skew cells to become either hyporesponsive (creating immunocompromised conditions) or hyperactive (causing autoimmune tissue destruction). Here, we review maladaptive T-cell metabolic fitness that can cause autoimmune diseases and discuss how T-cell metabolic programs can potentially be modulated to achieve therapeutic benefits.