据报道，电子烟的使用会影响细胞活力，诱发 DNA 损伤，并调节炎症反应，从而导致负面健康后果。大多数研究重点关注与电子烟使用相关的口腔和肺部疾病。然而，在心血管系统甚至膀胱中都可以发现组织损伤。虽然电子烟气溶胶中的致癌化合物含量低于传统香烟烟雾中的含量，但电子烟装置的热量产生的有毒物质可能包括可能的人类致癌物质。此外，尼古丁虽然不是致癌物质，但可以代谢为亚硝胺。亚硝胺是已知的致癌物质，已被证明存在于电子烟使用者的唾液中，这证明了电子烟的健康风险。电子烟可以诱导 DNA 加合物，促进氧化应激和 DNA 损伤以及 NF-kB 驱动的炎症。这些过程共同增加了促炎细胞因子的转录。这创造了一个被认为在肿瘤发生中发挥关键作用的微环境，尽管现在了解电子烟的长期影响还为时过早。这篇综述考虑了电子烟引起的细胞变化的不同方面，包括活性氧的产生、DNA 损伤、DNA 修复、炎症和可能的致瘤作用。

E-cigarette use has been reported to affect cell viability, induce DNA damage, and modulate an inflammatory response resulting in negative health consequences. Most studies focus on oral and lung disease associated with e-cigarette use. However, tissue damage can be found in the cardio-vascular system and even the bladder. While the levels of carcinogenic compounds found in e-cigarette aerosols are lower than those in conventional cigarette smoke, the toxicants generated by the heat of the vaping device may include probable human carcinogens. Furthermore, nicotine, although not a carcinogen, can be metabolized to nitrosamines. Nitrosamines are known carcinogens and have been shown to be present in the saliva of e-cig users, demonstrating the health risk of e-cigarette vaping. E-cig vape can induce DNA adducts, promoting oxidative stress and DNA damage and NF-kB-driven inflammation. Together, these processes increase the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This creates a microenvironment thought to play a key role in tumorigenesis, although it is too early to know the long-term effects of vaping. This review considers different aspects of e-cigarette-induced cellular changes, including the generation of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, DNA repair, inflammation, and the possible tumorigenic effects.