拦截疗法要求个体接受治疗以预防未来的医疗事件，但人们对肺癌高危个体的偏好以及他们是否会对这种类型的治疗感兴趣知之甚少。 探索肺癌高危个体的偏好这项调查研究使用了离散选择实验，包括具有 4 个属性的假设肺癌拦截治疗：3 年内肺癌风险降低、注射部位反应严重程度、非致命性严重感染和死亡来自严重感染。受访者的 3 年内肺癌基线风险分别为 6%、10% 或 16%。这项离散选择实验是根据美国预防服务工作组指南，对符合肺癌筛查资格的美国受访者在线进行的（2022 年 7 月 13 日至 9 月 6 日）。参与者包括 50 至 80 岁且至少有 20 包年吸烟史的成年人。对2022年9月至12月进行统计分析，估算属性级偏好权重，计算条件相对属性重要性、最大可接受风险和最小可接受收益。还探讨了总是选择不治疗的受访者的特征。 在 803 名调查受访者中，495 名（61.6%）是女性，138 名（17.2%）是非裔美国人或黑人，55 名（6.8%）是阿拉斯加原住民、美洲印第安人或黑人。美洲原住民，44 名 (5.5%) 是亚洲人、夏威夷原住民或其他太平洋岛民，104 名 (13.0%) 是西班牙裔、拉丁美洲人或拉丁裔，462 名 (57.5%) 是白人、中东人或北非人或其他种族或未列出的种族；平均 (SD) 年龄为 63.0 (7.5) 岁。大多数受访者愿意接受拦截疗法，并将降低肺癌风险视为最重要的因素。如果肺癌风险降低至少 20.0 个百分点，受访者会接受非致命性严重感染风险增加大于或等于 12.0 个百分点；如果肺癌风险降低至少 30.0 个百分点，则致命性严重感染风险增加大于或等于 1.2 个百分点。受访者需要肺癌风险至少降低 15.4（95% CI，10.6-20.2）个百分点才能接受非致命性严重感染风险增加 12.0 个百分点；肺癌风险至少降低 23.1 (95% CI, 16.4-29.8) 个百分点，以接受严重感染死亡风险增加 1.2 个百分点。在任何问题上都不愿意接受拦截疗法的受访者 (129 [16.1%]) 更有可能年龄较大且目前吸烟但未尝试戒烟，并且不太可能接种过 COVID-19 疫苗或检查过皮肤癌在这项针对肺癌高危人群的调查研究中，大多数受访者愿意考虑拦截疗法。这些结果表明效益-风险评估对于未来肺癌拦截治疗的重要性。

Interception therapy requires individuals to undergo treatment to prevent a future medical event, but little is known about preferences of individuals at high risk for lung cancer and whether they would be interested in this type of treatment.To explore preferences of individuals at high risk for lung cancer for potential interception therapies to reduce this risk.This survey study used a discrete-choice experiment and included hypothetical lung cancer interception treatments with 4 attributes: reduction in lung cancer risk over 3 years, injection site reaction severity, nonfatal serious infection, and death from serious infection. Respondents were assigned to a baseline lung cancer risk of 6%, 10%, or 16% over 3 years. The discrete-choice experiment was administered online (July 13 to September 6, 2022) to US respondents eligible for lung cancer screening according to US Preventive Services Task Force guidelines. Participants included adults aged 50 to 80 years with at least a 20 pack-year smoking history. Statistical analysis was performed from September to December 2022.Attribute-level preference weights were estimated, and conditional relative attribute importance, maximum acceptable risks, and minimum acceptable benefits were calculated. Characteristics of respondents who always selected no treatment were also explored.Of the 803 survey respondents, 495 (61.6%) were female, 138 (17.2%) were African American or Black, 55 (6.8%) were Alaska Native, American Indian, or Native American, 44 (5.5%) were Asian or Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, 104 (13.0%) were Hispanic, Latin American, or Latinx, and 462 (57.5%) were White, Middle Eastern or North African, or a race or ethnicity not listed; and mean (SD) age was 63.0 (7.5) years. Most respondents were willing to accept interception therapy and viewed reduction in lung cancer risk as the most important attribute. Respondents would accept a greater than or equal to a 12.0 percentage point increase in risk of nonfatal serious infection if lung cancer risk was reduced by at least 20.0 percentage points; and a greater than or equal to 1.2 percentage point increase in risk of fatal serious infection if lung cancer risk was reduced by at least 30.0 percentage points. Respondents would require at least a 15.4 (95% CI, 10.6-20.2) percentage point decrease in lung cancer risk to accept a 12.0 percentage point increase in risk of nonfatal serious infection; and at least a 23.1 (95% CI, 16.4-29.8) percentage point decrease in lung cancer risk to accept a 1.2 percentage point increase in risk of death from serious infection. Respondents who were unwilling to accept interception therapy in any question (129 [16.1%]) were more likely to be older and to currently smoke with no prior cessation attempt, and less likely to have been vaccinated against COVID-19 or examined for skin cancer.In this survey study of individuals at high risk of lung cancer, most respondents were willing to consider interception therapy. These results suggest the importance of benefit-risk assessments for future lung cancer interception treatments.