目前的工作涉及构建一种纳米级系统，该系统可以以受控的趋势向乳腺癌细胞输送化疗药物。该框架由负载紫杉醇 (PTX) 的没食子酸功能化氧化铜纳米颗粒 (Ga@CuO) 组成。为了控制 PTX 的释放，Ga@CuO 纳米颗粒涂有红海藻、Kappa 卡拉胶 (K-carr) 层，并用叶酸 (FA) 修饰以增强靶向化疗方法。 PTX负载的Ga@CuO@K-carr/FA NPs的封装效率和负载能力估计分别为84.58±1.85%和13.2±0.22%。此外，经处理的MCF-7细胞中存在IC50值为12±2.0μg/mL的强细胞毒性和高比例的凋亡细胞（40.25%），这进一步证明了PTX从负载的Ga@中的有效释放。 CuO@K-carr/FA。因此，人们发现癌细胞代谢活性的改变和细胞增殖的抑制是活性氧（ROS）诱导的细胞凋亡的明显特征。此外，人们还注意到，用 Ga@CuO-PTX@K-carr/FA 处理 MCF-7 细胞会导致线粒体膜电位降低，从而导致细胞凋亡。总而言之，这项研究揭示了 Ga@CuO-PTX@K-carr/FA 的合理设计，它为靶向化疗的细胞内水平运输药物提供了合适的候选者。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。

The present work deals with the construction of a nanoscale system that can deliver chemotherapeutic agents to breast cancer cells in a controlled trend. The framework consists of gallic acid functionalized copper oxide nanoparticles (Ga@CuO) loaded with paclitaxel (PTX). To control the release of PTX, Ga@CuO NPs were coated with a red seaweed, Kappa carrageenan (K-carr) layer, and embellished with folic acid (FA) to enhance the targeted chemotherapy approach. Encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of PTX loaded Ga@CuO@K-carr/FA NPs were estimated to be 84.58 ± 1.85 % and 13.2 ± 0.22 %, respectively. Moreover, the presence of strong cytotoxicity with an IC50 value of 12 ± 2.0 μg/mL and a high percentage of apoptotic cells (40.25 %) within the treated MCF-7 cells provided further evidence of the effective release of PTX from the loaded Ga@CuO@K-carr/FA. Consequently, it was discovered that the altered metabolic activity of cancer cells and the inhibition of cell proliferation are distinct features of apoptotic cell death induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Also, it was noted that treatment of MCF-7 cells with Ga@CuO-PTX@K-carr/FA caused a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential that resulted in cellular apoptosis. Taken together, this study sheds light on the rational design of Ga@CuO-PTX@K-carr/FA, which offers a suitable candidate to transport drugs at an intracellular level for targeted chemotherapy.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.