营养正在成为一种有前景的治疗工具，可调节健康和疾病中的免疫系统。我们认为饮食干预的时机可能是决定其成功的因素。在这种背景下，我们探索了最近的研究，该研究将饮食干预的早期阶段确定为调节免疫力和优化癌症治疗的关键时间窗口。此外，我们强调干预的时机如何产生不同的结果。数据表明，短期内营养物质的可用性和吸收可以显着影响哺乳动物的免疫甚至非免疫景观。这反过来又会导致粘膜和全身免疫的变化，可能加剧或减轻炎症，并可能影响肿瘤细胞及其对癌症治疗的反应。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。

Nutrition is emerging as a promising therapeutic tool to modulate the immune system in health and disease. We propose that the timing of dietary interventions is probably what determines their success. In this context, we explore recent research that identifies the early phases of dietary intervention as critical time windows for modulating immunity and optimizing cancer therapy. Furthermore, we highlight how the timing of intervention can yield different outcomes. The data suggest that nutrient availability and absorption over a short period can significantly impact mammalian immune and even non-immune landscapes. This, in turn, can lead to changes in mucosal and systemic immunity, potentially exacerbating or ameliorating inflammation, and perhaps influencing tumor cells and their response to cancer therapies.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.