行业和消费者对 3D 打印技术的使用正在扩大。然而，评估 3D 打印机排放物引发肺癌风险的方法尚未开发出来。该研究的目的是展示一种对与特定暴露水平相关的肺癌风险进行建模的方法，该方法源自对各种类型长丝（ABS、PLA 和 PETG）的 3D 打印机排放的实验研究。按照 ANSI/CAN/UL 2904 描述的程序，在 1,000 级洁净室中，在总共 23 种条件下，在不同的挤出温度下评估 15 根长丝的排放量。采用三种方法进行癌症风险评估：(a) 基于 PM2.5 的计算。 5 和 PM10 浓度，(b) 基于肺沉积分数的邻近评估，以及 (c) 基于颗粒质量加权空气动力学直径的建模。发射颗粒的组合分布的质量中值空气动力学直径 (MMAD) 为 0.35μm，GSD 2.25。 PM2.5平均浓度为25.21μg/m3。基于样条的空气动力学直径函数使我们能够重建七种细小和超细颗粒（结晶二氧化硅、细二氧化钛、超细二氧化钛、环境 PM2.5 和 PM10、柴油颗粒物和碳纳米管）的致癌潜力，并具有相关性0.999，P < 0.00001。在典型暴露场景（平均累积暴露量为 0.3 mg/m3 - 年）下，3D 打印机排放的肺癌风险集中趋势估计为每 10,000 名工人 14.74 例，其中 PLA 长丝的风险最低，并且PETG 类型的最高值。© 2023 John Wiley

The use of 3D printing technologies by industry and consumers is expanding. However, the approaches to assess the risk of lung carcinogenesis from the emissions of 3D printers have not yet been developed. The objective of the study was to demonstrate a methodology for modeling lung cancer risk related to specific exposure levels as derived from an experimental study of 3D printer emissions for various types of filaments (ABS, PLA, and PETG). The emissions of 15 filaments were assessed at varying extrusion temperatures for a total of 23 conditions in a Class 1,000 cleanroom following procedures described by ANSI/CAN/UL 2904. Three approaches were utilized for cancer risk estimation: (a) calculation based on PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations, (b) a proximity assessment based on the pulmonary deposition fraction, and (c) modeling based on the mass-weighted aerodynamic diameter of particles. The combined distribution of emitted particles had the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 0.35 μm, GSD 2.25. The average concentration of PM2.5 was 25.21 μg/m3 . The spline-based function of aerodynamic diameter allowed us to reconstruct the carcinogenic potential of seven types of fine and ultrafine particles (crystalline silica, fine TiO2 , ultrafine TiO2 , ambient PM2.5 and PM10, diesel particulates, and carbon nanotubes) with a correlation of 0.999, P < 0.00001. The central tendency estimation of lung cancer risk for 3D printer emissions was found at the level of 14.74 cases per 10,000 workers in a typical exposure scenario (average cumulative exposure of 0.3 mg/m3 - years), with the lowest risks for PLA filaments, and the highest for PETG type.© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.