Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soo，也称为喜马拉雅沼泽兰花或 Salam Panja，属于兰科植物。分布于海拔2500-5000米的亚高山至高山地区。本综述旨在对兰花的植物学、植物化学、药用用途、毒性和保护状况进行全面概述，并找出研究空白以促进该兰花的研究进展。据报道，这种药用兰花的地上和地下部分含有次生代谢物，包括生物碱、萜类化合物、类黄酮、酚类和皂苷。从 D. hatagirea 的干燥根中分离出几种植物化合物，例如 dactylorhins A、B、C、D 和 E 以及 dactylose A 和 B。使用广泛的体外和体内测定来评估 D. hatagirea 的生物学特性，例如抗风湿、抗炎、抗病毒、利尿、神经保护、抗氧化、伤口愈合、降血糖、抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗病毒和抗癌活性。据报道，它还可以提高睾酮水平，改善性欲和性唤起。由于过度开发和栖息地范围有限，这种重要的药用植物已达到灭绝阶段；因此，这种药草需要一种保护性的收获方法。微繁殖、合成种子生成和毛根技术等体外技术有助于其保护。这篇综述对这种药用兰花的植物学特征、传统用途、植物化学物质、药理学重要性和毒性评估提供了全面的见解。本综述还提供了有关 D. hatagirea 保护状况的详细信息以及克服对这种兰花的开发的策略。© 2023。作者获得 Springer-Verlag GmbH 德国（Springer Nature 旗下公司）的独家许可。

Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soo, also known as Himalayan Marsh Orchid or Salam Panja, belongs to the Orchidaceae family. It is found in sub-alpine to alpine regions at 2500-5000 m above sea level. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the botany, phytochemistry, medicinal uses, toxicity, and conservation status of D. hatagirea and to find the research gaps to promote progress in studies of this orchid. Secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, and saponins, were reported from the aerial and underground parts of this medicinal orchid. Several phytocompounds, such as dactylorhins A, B, C, D, and E and dactylose A and B, were isolated from the dried roots of D. hatagirea. A wide range of in vitro and in vivo assays was used to assess the biological properties of D. hatagirea, such as antirheumatic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, diuretic, neuroprotective, antioxidant, wound healing, hypoglycemic, antitumor, antimicrobial, antiviral, and anticancer activities. It was also reported to boost testosterone levels, improving sexual desire and arousal. Due to overexploitation and a restricted habitat range, this essential medicinal plant has reached the extinction stage; therefore, a conservation-friendly harvesting approach is needed for this medicinal herb. In vitro techniques such as micropropagation, synthetic seed generation, and hairy root technology can contribute to its conservation. This review provides comprehensive insights into the botanical features, traditional uses, phytochemicals, pharmacological importance, and toxicity evaluation of this medicinal orchid. This review also provides detailed information on the conservation status of D. hatagirea and strategies to overcome the exploitation of this orchid.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.