患有人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）、炎症性肠病（IBD）和男男性行为者（MSM）的患者患肛门癌的风险增加。高级鳞状上皮内病变 (HSIL) 是肛门鳞状细胞癌 (SCC) 的前驱病变，治疗这些病变可以减少肛门 SCC 的进展。本研究旨在确定转诊进行肛门癌筛查的患有或不患有 IBD 的 MSM 患者中 HSIL 和肛门癌的患病率。这是一项针对在肛门鳞状上皮内病变 (aSIL) 和肛门癌筛查专科诊所就诊的所有 MSM 患者的回顾性研究。通过手动和电子方式从临床文件和病理结果中收集 HSIL 和肛门癌主要结局的数据。通过电子健康记录收集人口统计数据、HIV 状况、IBD 疾病状况、疾病表型和免疫抑制药物的使用情况。使用描述性统计。总共包括 4623 名患者进行分析。 57 例患有 IBD 的 MSM 患者中，25 例（43.9%）有 HSIL 病史，2 例（3.5%）有肛门癌病史。在 4618 名无 IBD 的 MSM 患者中，2417 名（52.3%）有 HSIL 病史，139 名（3.0%）有肛门癌病史（P = .744）。患有IBD的MSM患者的HIV感染率为49.1%，而无IBD的MSM患者的HIV感染率为69.8%（P = .001）。在调整 HIV 状态后，各组之间 HSIL 和肛门癌的患病率仍然没有差异。在 IBD 患者中，只有 21.6% 的患者被转介接受胃肠病专家筛查。在患有和不患有 IBD 的 MSM 中，两组的 HSIL 和肛门 SCC 患病率相同。胃肠病学家需要了解适当的监测以识别患有 IBD 的 MSM 患者的 aSIL。© 作者 2023。由牛津大学出版社代表克罗恩病出版

The risk of anal cancer is increased in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and among men who have sex with men (MSM). High grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) are precursor lesions to anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and treatment of these lesions can decrease progression to anal SCC. This study aims to determine the prevalence of HSIL and anal cancer among MSM patients with and without IBD referred for anal cancer screening.This is a retrospective study of all MSM patients seen at an anal squamous intraepithelial lesions (aSILs) and anal cancer screening specialty clinic. Data were manually and electronically collected from clinical documentation and pathology results for the primary outcomes of HSIL and anal cancer. Demographics, HIV status, IBD disease status, disease phenotype, and immunosuppressive medication use were collected through the electronic health record. Descriptive statistics were used.In all, 4623 patients were included for analysis. Among 57 MSM patients with IBD, 25 (43.9%) had a history of HSIL, and 2 (3.5%) had a history of anal cancer. Among 4618 MSM patients without IBD, 2417 (52.3%) had a history of HSIL, and 139 (3.0%) had a history of anal cancer (P = .744). Rates of HIV were 49.1% among MSM patients with IBD and 69.8% among MSM patients without IBD (P = .001). There remained no difference in prevalence of HSIL and anal cancer between groups when adjusting for HIV status. Among IBD patients, only 21.6% were referred for screening by their gastroenterologist.Among MSM with and without IBD, both groups had an equally high prevalence of HSIL and anal SCC. Awareness of appropriate surveillance to identify aSIL in MSM patients with IBD is needed among gastroenterologists.© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.