程序性死亡配体 1 (PD-L1) 抑制剂已成为晚期小细胞肺癌 (SCLC) 的一线治疗策略，它可以刺激 T 细胞活化，从而防止肿瘤逃避免疫监视，而质子泵抑制剂（PPI）在调节免疫功能中发挥重要作用。本研究评估同时使用 PPI 是否影响晚期 SCLC 免疫治疗的结果。对 2018 年 7 月至 2021 年 2 月期间首次接受 PD-L1 抑制剂治疗的晚期 SCLC 患者的数据进行回顾性分析。评估了联合用药（尤其是 PPI）对客观缓解率、无进展生存期 (PFS) 和总生存期 (OS) 的影响。 在 208 名患者中，101 人接受了免疫治疗联合 PPI。接受 PPI 的患者的中位 PFS（6.6 个月）显着短于未接受 PPI 的患者（10.6 个月），OS 也是如此。进展风险增加 74.9%，死亡风险增加 58.3%。无论是一线还是一线后免疫治疗，接受 PPI 治疗的患者的 PFS 均较差。PPI 治疗对接受 PD-L1 抑制剂治疗的晚期 SCLC 患者的临床结果有负面影响。© 2023。作者。

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors has emerged as a first-line therapeutic strategy for advanced small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which can stimulate T-cell activation, thereby preventing tumor avoidance of immunologic surveillance, whereas, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can play an important role in regulating immune function. This study assessed whether the concomitantly use of PPIs affected outcomes of immunotherapy in advanced SCLC.Data from advanced SCLC patients who firstly treated with PD-L1 inhibitors between July 2018 and February 2021 was retrospectively analyzed. The impact of concomitant medications (especially PPIs) on objective response rate, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated.Of 208 patients, 101 received immunotherapy concomitant PPIs. The median PFS of patients receiving PPIs (6.6 months) were significantly shorter than those without PPIs (10.6 months), and so was OS. There was associated with a 74.9% increased risk of progression and 58.3% increased risk of death. Both first-line and post-first-line immunotherapy, patients treated PPIs had poorer PFS.PPIs therapy has a negative impact on the clinical outcomes of advanced SCLC patients treated with PD-L1 inhibitors.© 2023. The Author(s).