测序技术和分析方法的最新发展使研究人员能够证明健康的肠道微生物组非常多样化并且能够执行广泛的任务。肠道微生物群在控制免疫、神经和内分泌功能方面的重要性正在得到充分认识。因此，许多炎症性疾病，包括影响胃肠系统的炎症性疾病，以及不太明显的炎症性疾病，包括类风湿性关节炎 (RA)、癌症、妊娠期糖尿病 (GD)、1 型糖尿病 (T1D) 和 2 型糖尿病 (T2D) ，与肠道菌群失调有关。微生物组工程是改善人类健康解决方案的快速发展的前沿领域。微生物组工程旨在通过操纵微生物的组成来改善生态系统的功能。因此，通过微生物组工程将有可能产生针对代谢、炎症和免疫疾病的潜在疗法。本文首先概述了可用于微生物组工程的传统技术工具，例如粪便微生物移植（FMT）、益生元和益生菌。此外，我们还将讨论实验遗传学方法，例如通过原位接合 (MAGIC)、噬菌体和接合质粒对肠道微生物组进行宏基因组改变来操纵肠道微生物群。© 2023。作者。

Recent developments in sequencing technology and analytical approaches have allowed researchers to show that the healthy gut microbiome is very varied and capable of performing a wide range of tasks. The importance of gut microbiota in controlling immunological, neurological, and endocrine function is becoming well-recognized. Thereby, numerous inflammatory diseases, including those that impact the gastrointestinal system, as well as less obvious ones, including Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), cancer, gestational diabetes (GD), type 1 diabetes (T1D), and type 2 diabetes (T2D), have been linked to dysbiotic gut microbiota. Microbiome engineering is a rapidly evolving frontier for solutions to improve human health. Microbiome engineering seeks to improve the function of an ecosystem by manipulating the composition of microbes. Thereby, generating potential therapies against metabolic, inflammatory, and immunological diseases will be possible through microbiome engineering. This essay first provides an overview of the traditional technological instruments that might be used for microbiome engineering, such as Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT), prebiotics, and probiotics. Moreover, we will also discuss experimental genetic methods such as Metagenomic Alteration of Gut microbiome by In situ Conjugation (MAGIC), Bacteriophage, and Conjugative plasmids in manipulating intestinal microbiota.© 2023. The Author(s).