由于蛋白酶能够分解细胞外基质和基底膜的成分，因此被提议作为多种病理状况的潜在生物标志物，包括癌症、多发性硬化症和心血管疾病。蛋白酶生物传感器的发展为研究失调蛋白酶的蛋白水解活性提供了可能，由于其快速检测能力、高灵敏度和选择性、简单的仪器和经济高效的制造工艺，比传统检测方法更高效。与最近发表的主要关注某一特定类别的蛋白酶或一种特定检测方法的综述论文相比，这篇综述文章提出了不同的光学和电化学检测方法，可用于为所有主要蛋白酶家族设计生物传感器。分析和比较了集成到蛋白酶生物传感平台中的各种传感器技术的优点和缺点。主要重点是使用肽作为生物识别元件的基于活动的生物传感器。还讨论了纳米材料对生物传感器性能的影响。本文综述应帮助读者选择最适合其需求的生物传感器，并为该研究领域的进一步发展做出贡献。蛋白酶生物传感器可以更好地理解蛋白酶过度表达，并有可能实现用于即时检测的新型设备。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier B.V。保留所有权利。

Proteases have been proposed as potential biomarkers for several pathological conditions including cancers, multiple sclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, due to their ability to break down the components of extracellular matrix and basement membrane. The development of protease biosensors opened up the possibility to investigate the proteolytic activity of dysregulated proteases with higher efficiency over the traditional detection assays due to their quick detection capability, high sensitivity and selectivity, simple instrumentation and cost-effective fabrication processes. In contrast to the recently published review papers that primarily focused on one specific class of proteases or one specific detection method, this review article presents different optical and electrochemical detection methods that can be used to design biosensors for all major protease families. The benefits and drawbacks of various transducer techniques integrated into protease biosensing platforms are analyzed and compared. The main focus is on activity-based biosensors that use peptides as biorecognition elements. The effects of nanomaterials on biosensor performance are also discussed. This review should help readers to select the biosensor that best fits their needs, and contribute to the further development of this research field. Protease biosensors may allow better comprehension of protease overexperession and potentially enable novel devices for point-of-care testing.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.