嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌是一种革兰氏阴性机会致病菌，可引起多种感染，例如囊性纤维化患者的慢性肺部感染和患有血液肿瘤疾病的免疫功能低下患者的感染。由于其显着且不断增加的抗菌素耐药性，嗜麦芽糖链球菌感染的治疗相当具有挑战性。与此同时，近几十年来，嗜麦芽糖链球菌感染的患病率正在增加。嗜麦芽糖链球菌通常被认为是低毒力的，但有许多毒力因子参与嗜麦芽糖链球菌引起的感染的发病机制。通过揭示其与毒力因子和抗菌药物耐药性分子机制相关的发病机制，许多现有或潜在的治疗策略已被开发出来。然而，由于治疗选择有限，迫切需要新的策略。在此，我们回顾了嗜麦芽糖链球菌研究的最新进展，这可能有助于开发更有效的治疗方法来应对这一日益严重的威胁。© 2023。作者获得 Springer Science Business Media, LLC（Springer Nature 旗下子公司）的独家许可。

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that can cause many infections, such as chronic pulmonary infections in patients with cystic fibrosis and infections in immunocompromised patients with hematology-oncology diseases. Because of its remarkable and increasing antimicrobial resistance, the treatment of S. maltophilia infections is quite challenging. Meanwhile, the prevalence of S. maltophilia infections is increasing in recent decades. S. maltophilia is usually considered to be of low virulence but has numerous virulence factors involved in the pathogenesis of infections caused by S. maltophilia. By revealing its pathogenesis associated with virulence factors and molecular mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, many existing or potential therapeutic strategies have been developed. However, because of the limited treatment options, new strategies are urgently needed. Here, we review the recent progresses in research on S. maltophilia which may help to develop more effective treatments against this increasing threat.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.