这篇叙述性综述旨在对乳腺癌幸存者在乳房切除术后常见的功能障碍进行全面总结。其目的是讨论影响这些损伤的因素，并探索不同的治疗策略。乳房切除术后功能损伤可分为三类：神经肌肉、肌肉骨骼和淋巴血管。神经肌肉问题包括乳房切除术后疼痛综合征 (PMPS) 和幻乳综合征 (PBS)。肌肉骨骼问题包括肌筋膜疼痛综合征和粘连性关节囊炎。淋巴血管功能障碍包括淋巴水肿和腋网综合征（AWS）。年龄、手术技术和辅助治疗等因素会影响这些功能障碍的发生。管理功能障碍需要采取综合方法，包括物理治疗、药物治疗、运动和必要时的手术治疗。重要的是要确定与这些情况相关的风险因素，以相应地调整干预措施。乳房重建对这些损伤的影响仍不确定，文献中报道的结果好坏参半。© 2023。作者。

This narrative review aims to offer a thorough summary of functional impairments commonly encountered by breast cancer survivors following mastectomy. Its objective is to discuss the factors influencing these impairments and explore diverse strategies for managing them.Postmastectomy functional impairments can be grouped into three categories: neuromuscular, musculoskeletal, and lymphovascular. Neuromuscular issues include postmastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS) and phantom breast syndrome (PBS). Musculoskeletal problems encompass myofascial pain syndrome and adhesive capsulitis. Lymphovascular dysfunctions include lymphedema and axillary web syndrome (AWS). Factors such as age, surgical techniques, and adjuvant therapies influence the development of these functional impairments. Managing functional impairments requires a comprehensive approach involving physical therapy, pharmacologic therapy, exercise, and surgical treatment when indicated. It is important to identify the risk factors associated with these conditions to tailor interventions accordingly. The impact of breast reconstruction on these impairments remains uncertain, with mixed results reported in the literature.© 2023. The Author(s).