本研究旨在通过研究免疫细胞和特异性免疫检查点信号通路，更深入地了解慢性淋巴细胞白血病（CLL）和常见变异型免疫缺陷病（CVID）。使用流式细胞术对外周血淋巴细胞亚群中选定的免疫点及其配体（PD-1/PD-L1、CTLA-4/CD86 和 CD200R/CD200）的百分比进行分析，并进行其他分析以确定血清浓度使用酶免疫分析测试对上述分子进行了检测。获得的结果表明，CVID 和 CLL 患者的选定 T 和 B 淋巴细胞亚群中几乎所有测试分子的百分比相对于健康志愿者以及疾病亚单位本身之间存在一些显着变化。所获得的结果也得到了所测试可溶分子血清浓度的分析的支持。通过发现有价值的见解，我们希望加强对这些疾病的理解和管理，同时考虑免疫缺陷和血液恶性肿瘤。了解这些信号通路在疾病发生和进展中的作用可能会导致现代、个性化诊断和治疗策略的发展。最终，这些知识可能能够监测 CVID 和 CLL 患者的免疫系统，为未来改善患者护理铺平道路。

This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) by studying immune cells and specific immune checkpoint signaling pathways. The analysis of the percentage of selected immune points and their ligands (PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA-4/CD86, and CD200R/CD200) on peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations was performed using flow cytometry, and additional analyses determining the serum concentration of the above-mentioned molecules were performed using enzyme immunoassay tests. The obtained results indicate several significant changes in the percentage of almost all tested molecules on selected subpopulations of T and B lymphocytes in both CVID and CLL patients in relation to healthy volunteers and between the disease subunits themselves. The results obtained were also supported by the analysis of the serum concentration of soluble molecules tested. By uncovering valuable insights, we hope to enhance our comprehension and management of these conditions, considering both immunodeficiencies and hematological malignancies. Understanding the role of these signaling pathways in disease development and progression may lead to the development of modern, personalized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Ultimately, this knowledge may enable the monitoring of the immune system in patients with CVID and CLL, paving the way for improved patient care in the future.