癌症与发生静脉血栓栓塞的风险增加相关，因为它对 Virchow 三联征的三大支柱（例如肿瘤对血管的压迫、血管侵入和细胞因子释放）以及以下因素的影响具有直接影响：外源性因素（如化疗、放疗、手术）。在癌症患者中，异常部位（例如内脏、卵巢和肾静脉血栓）形成血栓的风险也会增加。腹静脉血栓常常是腹部影像学的偶然发现，作为恶性肿瘤诊断/分期检查或后续护理的一部分。关于癌症患者异常部位静脉血栓栓塞的治疗的证据很少，因为只有少数具体建议；因此，治疗遵循癌症相关深静脉血栓和肺栓塞治疗的一般原则。这篇叙述性综述总结了癌症相关腹静脉血栓形成（即内脏静脉、卵巢静脉和肾静脉血栓）的最新证据。

Cancer is associated with an increased risk of developing venous thromboembolism, due to its direct influence on the three pillars of Virchow's triad (e.g., compression on the blood vessels by the tumour, blood vessels invasion, and cytokine release), together with the effect of exogenous factors (such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery). In cancer patients, the risk of thrombosis at unusual sites, such as splanchnic, ovarian and renal vein thrombosis, is also increased. Abdominal vein thromboses are frequently incidental findings on abdominal imaging performed as part of the diagnostic/staging workup or the follow-up care of malignancies. There is little evidence on the management of unusual site venous thromboembolism in cancer patients since there are only a few specific recommendations; thus, the management follows the general principles of the treatment of cancer-associated deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. This narrative review summarises the latest evidence on cancer-associated abdominal vein thrombosis, i.e., thrombosis of the splanchnic, ovarian and renal veins.