肉瘤是一组异质性恶性间叶性肿瘤，包括软组织肉瘤和骨肉瘤。肿瘤微环境中的巨噬细胞参与免疫抑制并导致肿瘤发展，被称为肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAM）。 TAM 通过表达特定标记物和分泌影响免疫和肿瘤细胞的因子，在调节肉瘤微环境方面非常重要。它们参与许多信号通路，例如 p-STAT3/p-Erk1/2、PI3K/Akt、JAK/MAPK 和 JAK/STAT3。 TAM 还显着影响肉瘤患者的临床结果，主要与骨和软组织肉瘤（例如软骨肉瘤、骨肉瘤、脂肪肉瘤、滑膜肉瘤和未分化多形性肉瘤）较差的总生存率有关。本综述总结了目前关于肉瘤中 TAM 的知识，重点关注肉瘤细胞的特异性标记、细胞间相互作用以及可能涉及的分子途径。此外，我们讨论了肉瘤中巨噬细胞作为新疗法的潜在靶点的临床意义，介绍了临床相关性、可能的新治疗方案以及正在进行的使用 TAM 治疗肉瘤的临床试验。

Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of malignant mesenchymal tumors, including soft tissue and bone sarcomas. Macrophages in the tumor microenvironment, involved in immunosuppression and leading to tumor development, are called tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs are very important in modulating the microenvironment of sarcomas by expressing specific markers and secreting factors that influence immune and tumor cells. They are involved in many signaling pathways, such as p-STAT3/p-Erk1/2, PI3K/Akt, JAK/MAPK, and JAK/STAT3. TAMs also significantly impact the clinical outcomes of patients suffering from sarcomas and are mainly related to poor overall survival rates among bone and soft tissue sarcomas, for example, chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, liposarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. This review summarizes the current knowledge on TAMs in sarcomas, focusing on specific markers on sarcoma cells, cell-cell interactions, and the possibly involved molecular pathways. Furthermore, we discuss the clinical significance of macrophages in sarcomas as a potential target for new therapies, presenting clinical relevance, possible new treatment options, and ongoing clinical trials using TAMs in sarcoma treatment.