垂体腺瘤占所有颅内肿瘤的10-15%，其中25-55%表现出侵袭性征象。尽管如此，肿瘤学仍然依赖组织病理学检查来确定诊断。考虑到近年来垂体肿瘤的分类发生了显着变化，我们讨论了侵袭性和侵袭性肿瘤的定义以及用于分类这些实体的最新分子标准。垂体肿瘤微环境（TME）对于肿瘤的发生和进展至关重要。本综述旨在揭示 TME 特征对这些肿瘤分层的影响，以寻找适当的治疗方法。垂体肿瘤微环境及其主要成分、非肿瘤细胞和可溶性因子的作用已得到解决。讨论了不同免疫细胞类型、肿瘤相关成纤维细胞和滤泡星状细胞的可变展示与肿瘤发展和侵袭性的关系。肿瘤和非肿瘤细胞分泌的分子，如 VEGF、FGF、EGF、IL6、TNFα 和免疫检查点分子，有助于肿瘤与其微环境之间的串扰。它们与新兴的非编码 RNA 分子一起被认为是诊断和这些肿瘤侵袭性的潜在生物标志物。因此，评估与垂体神经内分泌肿瘤相关的复杂网络可能会为诊断和治疗这种病理学带来一个新时代。

Adenohypophysal pituitary tumors account for 10-15% of all intracranial tumors, and 25-55% display signs of invasiveness. Nevertheless, oncology still relies on histopathological examination to establish the diagnosis. Considering that the classification of pituitary tumors has changed significantly in recent years, we discuss the definition of aggressive and invasive tumors and the latest molecular criteria used for classifying these entities. The pituitary tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential for neoplastic development and progression. This review aims to reveal the impact of TME characteristics on stratifying these tumors in view of finding appropriate therapeutic approaches. The role of the pituitary tumor microenvironment and its main components, non-tumoral cells and soluble factors, has been addressed. The variable display of different immune cell types, tumor-associated fibroblasts, and folliculostellate cells is discussed in relation to tumor development and aggressiveness. The molecules secreted by both tumoral and non-tumoral cells, such as VEGF, FGF, EGF, IL6, TNFα, and immune checkpoint molecules, contribute to the crosstalk between the tumor and its microenvironment. They could be considered potential biomarkers for diagnosis and the invasiveness of these tumors, together with emerging non-coding RNA molecules. Therefore, assessing this complex network associated with pituitary neuroendocrine tumors could bring a new era in diagnosing and treating this pathology.