乳腺癌 (BC) 是女性中诊断最多的癌症，也是全球第二大常见癌症。 BC 研究的重大进展改善了早期检测和有效治疗。 BC 的主要挑战之一是 BC 干细胞 (BCSC) 的存在。肿瘤内的这一小亚群具有独特的特征，包括肿瘤启动能力，有助于治疗耐药性，并在癌症复发和转移中发挥作用。近年来，microRNA (miRNA) 已成为 BCSC 的潜在调节因子，可以调节基因表达并影响 BCSC 的自我更新、分化和肿瘤促进途径等细胞过程。了解 BCSC 的 miRNA 特征为改善 BC 诊断和预后带来了巨大希望。通过针对 BCSC 及其相关 miRNA，研究人员旨在开发更有效和个性化的治疗策略，为 BC 患者提供更好的结果，最大限度地减少肿瘤复发和转移。总之，对 miRNA 作为 BCSC 调节因子的研究为通过使用生物信息学和开发创新治疗方法推进 BC 研究开辟了新的方向。本综述总结了关于 BCSC miRNA 作为早期诊断、预后和耐药性潜在工具的作用的最新创新研究和临床试验。

Breast cancer (BC) is the most diagnosed cancer in women and the second most common cancer globally. Significant advances in BC research have led to improved early detection and effective therapies. One of the key challenges in BC is the presence of BC stem cells (BCSCs). This small subpopulation within the tumor possesses unique characteristics, including tumor-initiating capabilities, contributes to treatment resistance, and plays a role in cancer recurrence and metastasis. In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as potential regulators of BCSCs, which can modulate gene expression and influence cellular processes like BCSCs' self-renewal, differentiation, and tumor-promoting pathways. Understanding the miRNA signatures of BCSCs holds great promise for improving BC diagnosis and prognosis. By targeting BCSCs and their associated miRNAs, researchers aim to develop more effective and personalized treatment strategies that may offer better outcomes for BC patients, minimizing tumor recurrence and metastasis. In conclusion, the investigation of miRNAs as regulators of BCSCs opens new directions for advancing BC research through the use of bioinformatics and the development of innovative therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes the most recent and innovative studies and clinical trials on the role of BCSCs miRNAs as potential tools for early diagnosis, prognosis, and resistance.