类器官是三维细胞结构，旨在在体外重建人体天然组织和器官的生物学特征。最近，利用类器官的研究激增，因为它们比传统的二维体外方法具有明显的优势。然而，对于如何定义类器官尚未达成共识。本文献综述旨在阐明类器官的概念，并解决与类器官模型相关的四个基本问题：（i）类器官由什么构成？ - 细胞材料。 (ii) 类器官在哪里生长？-细胞外支架。 (iii) 类器官如何在体外维持？-通过培养基。 (iv) 为什么类器官适合体外模型？-它们代表了生物应用的可重复、稳定和可扩展的模型。最后，这篇综述提供了女性生殖道内使用的类器官模型的最新情况，强调了它们在基础生物学和临床应用中的相关性。

Organoids are three-dimensional cellular structures designed to recreate the biological characteristics of the body's native tissues and organs in vitro. There has been a recent surge in studies utilizing organoids due to their distinct advantages over traditional two-dimensional in vitro approaches. However, there is no consensus on how to define organoids. This literature review aims to clarify the concept of organoids and address the four fundamental questions pertaining to organoid models: (i) What constitutes organoids?-The cellular material. (ii) Where do organoids grow?-The extracellular scaffold. (iii) How are organoids maintained in vitro?-Via the culture media. (iv) Why are organoids suitable in vitro models?-They represent reproducible, stable, and scalable models for biological applications. Finally, this review provides an update on the organoid models employed within the female reproductive tract, underscoring their relevance in both basic biology and clinical applications.