适配体因其可以针对特定目标分子进行定制、以高亲和力和特异性与目标结合、并且易于化学合成和引入官能团而被视为有前景的生物识别元件。特别是，荧光适体传感器广泛应用于生物应用中，通过检测癌细胞、病毒和各种生物标志物（包括核酸和蛋白质以及食品中的生物毒素和细菌）来诊断疾病和预防疾病，因为它们具有高荧光强度的优点。灵敏度高、选择性强、快速、检测过程简单、价格低廉。我们介绍了分离具有高特异性的适体的筛选方法，并在表中总结了适体的序列和亲和力。本综述重点关注用于生物应用的基于适体的荧光检测传感器，从荧光探针到作用机制和信号放大策略。

Aptamers have been spotlighted as promising bio-recognition elements because they can be tailored to specific target molecules, bind to targets with a high affinity and specificity, and are easy to chemically synthesize and introduce functional groups to. In particular, fluorescent aptasensors are widely used in biological applications to diagnose diseases as well as prevent diseases by detecting cancer cells, viruses, and various biomarkers including nucleic acids and proteins as well as biotoxins and bacteria from food because they have the advantages of a high sensitivity, selectivity, rapidity, a simple detection process, and a low price. We introduce screening methods for isolating aptamers with q high specificity and summarize the sequences and affinities of the aptamers in a table. This review focuses on aptamer-based fluorescence detection sensors for biological applications, from fluorescent probes to mechanisms of action and signal amplification strategies.